Key message Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., Pyrus communis (L.), Sorbus aucuparia (L.), Prunus avium (L.), Prunus padus (L.), and Cornus sanguinea (L.) are related, co-occurring species producing orthodox seeds. However, we observed differences in their response to storage conditions, such as storage at different seed moisture contents (5%, 8%, and 11%) and/or temperatures (− 3 °C, − 18 °C, and − 196 °C). Severe desiccation to ca. 5% of MC negatively affected seeds of M. sylvestris . Seeds of P. avium were sensitive to storage in LN or at − 18 °C. S. aucuparia seeds are best stored at − 3 °C, whereas C. sanguinea seeds tolerate desiccation and storage in LN. In general, species with deeper physiological dormancy ( S. aucuparia , P. padus , and C. sanguinea ) tended to be more tolerant to desiccation and low temperatures. For all species, storage conditions did not affect seedling growth. Context Wild fruit woody species face many threats such as genetic loss, population fragmentation, and alien species; thus, their genetic variability should be preserved. Aims To examine the effect of storage conditions on seed viability and the initial growth of seedlings of six European wild fruit species: Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., Pyrus communis (L.), Sorbus aucuparia (L.), Prunus avium (L.), Prunus padus (L.), and Cornus sanguinea (L.). Methods Seeds were desiccated to three different levels of moisture content (ca. 5, 8, or 11%) and stored at three different temperatures (− 3°, − 18°, or − 196 °C; liquid nitrogen, LN) for up to 3 years. Germination and seedling emergence tests were performed as well as measurement of seedling growth. Results Desiccation of M. sylvestris seeds from 10.7 to 4.9% significantly lowered germination from 91 to 77% and seedling emergence from 88 to 74%. In P. avium , LN storage significantly inhibited seedling emergence, both in the laboratory and the greenhouse, but did not affect total seed germination. In P. communis , P. padus , and C. sanguinea , neither germination nor seedling emergence was affected by seed storage conditions. There were small or no differences in stem height and root collar diameter in the first year of seedling growth of stored seeds. Conclusion Species with deeper physiological dormancy ( S. aucuparia , P. padus , C. sanguinea ) tended to be more tolerant of various storage conditions. Seeds of P. padus and C. sanguinea can be stored long term at − 18 °C or in LN at 5–8% MC without losing viability. M. sylvestris and P. avium seeds are sensitive to desiccation below 6% MC or low temperature of storage at − 18 °C or − 196 °C, respectively. We observed that storage conditions had significant influence on germination and seedling emergence but had no effect on seedling growth after the first growing season.

中文翻译：

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不同贮藏条件对六种欧洲野果木本植物种子活力及幼苗生长的影响

关键信息 Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.、Pyrus community (L.)、Sorbus aucuparia (L.)、Prunus avium (L.)、Prunus padus (L.) 和 Cornus sanguinea (L.) 是相关的，co - 产生正统种子的物种。然而，我们观察到它们对储存条件的反应存在差异，例如在不同的种子水分含量（5%、8% 和 11%）和/或温度（− 3 °C、− 18 °C 和 − 196 ° C）。严重干燥至约。5% 的 MC 对 M. sylvestris 的种子产生负面影响。P. avium 的种子对在 LN 或 - 18 °CS 下储存很敏感，aucuparia 种子最好在 - 3 °C 下储存，而 C. sanguinea 种子在 LN 中耐受干燥和储存。一般来说，生理休眠较深的物种（S. aucuparia、P. padus 和 C. sanguinea）对干燥和低温的耐受性更强。对于所有物种，储存条件不影响幼苗生长。背景 野果木本物种面临许多威胁，例如遗传损失、种群破碎和外来物种；因此，它们的遗传变异性应该得到保护。目的 检验储存条件对六种欧洲野生水果品种的种子活力和幼苗初始生长的影响：Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.、Pyrus community (L.)、Sorbus aucuparia (L.)、Prunus avium ( L.)、Prunus padus (L.) 和 Cornus sanguinea (L.)。方法 将种子干燥至三种不同的水分含量水平（约 5%、8% 或 11%），并在三种不同的温度（- 3°、- 18° 或 - 196 °C；液氮，LN）下储存以保持到 3 年。进行发芽和幼苗出苗测试以及幼苗生长的测量。结果 M. sylvestris 种子来自 10 的干燥。7% 到 4.9% 显着降低发芽率，从 91% 到 77%，出苗率从 88% 到 74%。在 P. avium 中，LN 储存显着抑制了实验室和温室中的幼苗出苗，但不影响总种子发芽。在 P.communis、P. padus 和 C. sanguinea 中，发芽和出苗均不受种子储存条件的影响。储存的种子在幼苗生长的第一年茎高和根环直径差异很小或没有差异。结论生理休眠较深的物种（S. aucuparia、P. padus、C. sanguinea）对各种储藏条件的耐受性更强。P. padus 和 C. sanguinea 的种子可以在 - 18 °C 或 5–8% MC 的 LN 中长期储存而不会失去活力。M. sylvestris 和 P. avium 种子分别对低于 6% MC 的干燥或 - 18 °C 或 - 196 °C 的低温储存敏感。我们观察到储存条件对发芽和幼苗出苗有显着影响，但对第一个生长季节后的幼苗生长没有影响。