The potential links between ice water path (IWP), radiation, circulation, sea surface temperature (SST), and precipitation over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans resulting from the falling ice radiative effects (FIREs) are examined from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and phase 6 (CMIP6) historical simulations. The latter is divided into two subsets with (SON6) and without FIREs (NOS6) in CMIP6. Improvement in nonfalling cloud ice (~20 g m⁻²) is noticeable over convective regions in CMIP6 relative to CMIP5. The inclusion of FIREs in SON6 subset may contribute to reduce biases of overestimated outgoing longwave radiation and downward surface shortwave and underestimated reflected shortwave at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) by magnitudes of ~8 W m⁻² over convective regions against CERES, compared to NOS6 subset. The reduced biases in radiative fluxes in convective regions stabilize the atmosphere and lead to circulation, SST, cloud, and precipitation changes over the trade wind regions, as seen from improved radiative fluxes (~15 W m⁻²), surface wind stress biases, SST (~0.8 K), and precipitation (1 mm day⁻¹) biases. The significant improvement from NOS6 to SON6 leads to improved multimodel means for CMIP6 relative to CMIP5 for radiation fields over the trade wind regions but the degradation over convective zones is attributed to NOS6 subset. The results suggest that other sources of uncertainty and deficiencies in climate models may play significant roles for reducing discrepancies although FIREs, via radiation‐circulation coupling, may be one of the factors that help to reduce regional biases.

中文翻译：

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CMIP5和CMIP6模拟的云冰，辐射场，地表风应力，海面温度以及热带和亚热带海洋上的降水概述

从耦合模型比较项目的第5阶段（第5阶段）研究了冰水路径（IWP），辐射，环流，海面温度（SST）和因冰辐射效应下降（FIREs）导致的太平洋和大西洋降水之间的潜在联系。 CMIP5）和第6阶段（CMIP6）历史模拟。后者在CMIP6中分为具有（SON6）和不具有FIRE（NOS6）的两个子集。相对于CMIP5，在CMIP6的对流区域上非降落的云冰（〜20 g m ^-2）得到了明显改善。在SON6子集中包含FIRE可能有助于将大气层顶部（TOA）的高估出射长波辐射和下表面短波以及反射低波的偏高降低〜8 W m ^-2与NOS6子集相比，对流区域对CERES的影响更大。对流区域内辐射通量的减小的偏置使大气稳定，并导致贸易风区域内的环流，SST，云和降水变化，从改善的辐射通量（〜15 W m ^-2），表面风应力偏置来看， SST（〜0.8 K）和降水（1 mm天^-1）的偏见。从NOS6到SON6的显着改进导致相对于CMIP5在贸易风区域的辐射场，改进了CMIP6的多模型方法，但对流区的退化归因于NOS6子集。结果表明，气候模型中的其他不确定性和不足来源可能在减少差异方面发挥重要作用，尽管通过辐射-循环耦合进行的FIRE可能是有助于减少区域偏差的因素之一。