The ability of a population to recover from disturbances is fundamental for its persistence. Impaired population recovery might be associated with a demographic Allee effect. Immigration from adjacent populations could accelerate the recovery not only by promoting population growth beyond the Allee effect threshold but also by bringing in advantageous genotypes. We explore the nature and role of ecological and evolutionary rescue in an Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Gadidae) population fished below its Allee effect threshold. We utilize an eco‐evolutionary model and simulate scenarios, where the target population evolves in response to selective fishing and sample immigrants from (a) a source population similarly adapted to fishing (post‐fishing genotypes) or (b) an unexploited source population with natural genetic and phenotypic diversity (pre‐fishing genotypes). Immigration of pre‐fishing genotypes enhances the recovery due to the larger body sizes and the flow of associated genes. Post‐fishing immigrants can also promote the population abundance recovery, but they increase uncertainty about recovery times as compared to pre‐fishing immigrants and do not promote evolutionary recovery. Our results stress the importance of maintaining genetic and phenotypic diversity and suggest that marine protected areas can serve as an important source of immigrants to promote both the demographic and evolutionary recovery of exploited populations.

中文翻译：

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从Allee效应区回收大西洋鳕鱼：生态救援与进化救援的对比

人口从干扰中恢复的能力对其持久性至关重要。人口恢复受损可能与人口Allee效应有关。来自邻近人群的移民不仅可以通过促进人口增长超过Allee效应阈值，而且可以通过引入有利的基因型来加速恢复。我们探索大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）中生态和进化救援的性质和作用d科（Gadidae）种群的捕鱼低于其Allee效应阈值。我们利用生态进化模型并模拟了以下情景：目标人口根据选择性捕捞和来自（a）类似地适合捕捞的源种群（捕捞后的基因型）或（b）未被利用的源种群的样本移民而进化。自然遗传和表型多样性（捕捞前基因型）。由于更大的体型和相关基因的流动，捕捞前基因型的移民促进了恢复。捕捞后移民也可以促进种群数量的恢复，但是与捕捞前移民相比，它们增加了恢复时间的不确定性，并且不促进进化恢复。