Changes in climate patterns are dramatically influencing some agricultural areas. Arid, semi‐arid and coastal agricultural areas are especially vulnerable to climate change impacts on soil salinity. Inventorying and monitoring climate change impacts on salinity are crucial to evaluate the extent of the problem, to recognize trends and to formulate irrigation and crop management strategies that will maintain the agricultural productivity of these areas. Over the past three decades, Corwin and colleagues at the U.S. Salinity Laboratory (USSL) have developed proximal sensor and remote imagery methodologies for assessing soil salinity at multiple scales. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact climate change has had on selected agricultural areas experiencing weather pattern changes, with a focus on the use of proximal and satellite sensors to assess salinity development. Evidence presented in case studies for Californiaʼs San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and Minnesotaʼs Red River Valley (RRV) demonstrates the utility of these sensor approaches in assessing soil salinity changes due to changes in weather patterns. Agricultural areas are discussed where changes in weather patterns have increased root‐zone soil salinity, particularly in areas with shallow water tables (SJV and RRV), coastal areas with seawater intrusion (e.g., Bangladesh and the Gaza Strip) and water‐scarce areas potentially relying on degraded groundwater as an irrigation source (SJV and Murray‐Darling River Basin). Trends in salinization due to climate change indicate that the infrastructure and protocols to monitor soil salinity from field to regional to national to global scales are needed.

中文翻译：

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气候变化对农业地区土壤盐分的影响

气候模式的变化正在极大地影响某些农业地区。干旱，半干旱和沿海农业地区特别容易受到气候变化对土壤盐分影响的影响。清查和监测气候变化对盐分的影响对于评估问题的程度，认识趋势并制定能够维持这些地区农业生产力的灌溉和作物管理战略至关重要。在过去的三十年中，美国盐度实验室（USSL）的Corwin及其同事开发了近端传感器和远程成像方法，用于在多个尺度上评估土壤盐度。本文的目的是评估气候变化对某些经历天气模式变化的农业地区的影响，着重于使用近端和卫星传感器评估盐度的发展。在加利福尼亚州圣华金河谷（SJV）和明尼苏达州红河谷（RRV）的案例研究中提供的证据表明，这些传感器方法可用于评估由于天气模式变化而引起的土壤盐分变化。讨论了农业地区，其中天气模式的变化增加了根区土壤盐分，特别是在地下水位较低的地区（SJV和RRV），海水入侵的沿海地区（例如孟加拉国和加沙地带）以及缺水地区依靠退化的地下水作为灌溉源（SJV和默里-达令河流域）。