Abstract Growth regulating insecticides, such as lufenuron, are recommended for pest management due to their action on the ecdysis process and low toxicity to non-target species. However, these insecticides affect some non-target insects, such as Podisus nigrispinus Dallas, and can interfere with the control of lepidopteran pests by this predator. This study evaluated the impacts of indirect ingestion of lufenuron on the nutritional and histological characteristics of P. nigrispinus, as well as this predator's consumption rate, prey preference, and the weight and nutritional aspects of the prey, Alabama argillacea Hubner. Fourth and fifth instar P. nigrispinus nymphs preying upon A. argillacea larvae fed on cotton leaves that were either untreated or treated with lufenuron were evaluated. For the prey analysis, third instar A. argillacea larvae that had fed on cotton leaves treated or untreated with lufenuron were used. Exposure of P. nigrispinus to lufenuron resulted in a reduction in lipid, sugar, and glycogen contents in fourth instar nymphs; a greater number of treated than untreated prey was chosen by fourth instar nymphs, in a no-choice test; increased lipid content in fifth instar nymphs; histological alterations, such as cellular disorganization and desquamation, lysis of the epithelium; and decreased survival were observed in both evaluation instars. Prey preference was not affected. Lufenuron-treated A. argillacea larvae exhibited a reduction in glycogen content, while prey weight was not affected. These results provide an important resource for pest management decisions, since lufenuron induced biochemical and histological alterations in the midgut epithelium of P. nigrispinus, affecting its survival and possibly compromising its potential as a biological control agent.

中文翻译：

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间接暴露于昆虫生长调节剂虱螨脲下捕食者与其猎物的生理和行为相互作用

摘要 生长调节杀虫剂，如虱螨脲，因其对蜕皮过程的作用和对非目标物种的低毒性而被推荐用于害虫管理。然而，这些杀虫剂会影响一些非目标昆虫，如 Podisus nigrispinus Dallas，并会干扰这种捕食者对鳞翅目害虫的控制。本研究评估了间接摄入虱螨脲对黑斑松鼠的营养和组织学特征的影响，以及这种捕食者的食用率、猎物偏好以及猎物阿拉巴马州 argillacea Hubner 的体重和营养方面的影响。评估了捕食以未处理或用虱螨脲处理的棉叶为食的 A. argillacea 幼虫的四龄和五龄 P. nigrispinus 若虫。对于猎物分析，三龄 A. 使用了以用虱螨脲处理或未处理的棉叶为食的 argillacea 幼虫。P. nigrispinus 暴露于虱螨脲导致四龄若虫的脂质、糖和糖原含量减少；在无选择测试中，四龄若虫选择了比未经处理的猎物更多的猎物；五龄若虫的脂质含量增加；组织学改变，如细胞解体和脱屑，上皮细胞裂解；在两个评估阶段都观察到存活率下降。猎物偏好不受影响。Lufenuron 处理的 A. argillacea 幼虫表现出糖原含量减少，而猎物重量不受影响。这些结果为害虫管理决策提供了重要资源，