WSN serves as a medium for linking the physical and information network of IoT. Energy and trust are the two major factors that facilitate reliable communication in the network. During multicast routing, the BS engages in forwarding the data securely to the multiple destinations through the intermediate nodes, which is the major challenge in IoT. The paper addresses the challenges through proposing an energy-aware multicast routing protocol based on the optimization, CrowWhale-ETR, which is the integration of CSA and WOA based on the objective function designed with the energy and trust factors of the nodes. Initially, the trust and energy of the nodes are evaluated for establishing the routes that is chosen optimally using CWOA. This optimally chosen path is used for the data transmission, in which energy and trusts of the individual nodes are updated at the end of the individual transmission, in such a way the secure nodes can be selected, and which improves the secure communication in the network. The simulation is analyzed using 50 and 100 nodes in terms of the performance measures. The proposed method acquired the minimal delay of 0.2729 and 0.3491, maximal detection rate of 0.6726, maximal energy of 66.4275 and 71.0567, and maximal throughput of 0.4625 and 0.8649 in the presence and absence of attacks with 50 nodes for analysis.

WSN作为链接物联网的物理和信息网络的媒介。能量和信任是促进网络中可靠通信的两个主要因素。在多播路由过程中，BS致力于通过中间节点将数据安全地转发到多个目的地，这是物联网的主要挑战。本文通过提出基于优化的能量感知型多播路由协议CrowWhale-ETR来应对挑战，CrowWhale-ETR是基于目标函数设计的CSA和WOA的集成，该目标函数具有节点的能量和信任因子。最初，评估节点的信任度和能量以建立使用CWOA最佳选择的路由。最佳选择的路径用于数据传输，其中，在各个传输的末尾更新各个节点的能量和信任，以这种方式可以选择安全节点，并改善了网络中的安全通信。根据性能指标，使用50个和100个节点对仿真进行了分析。在存在和不存在攻击的情况下，该方法在有50个节点进行分析的情况下，获得的最小延迟为0.2729和0.3491，最大检测率为0.6726，最大能量为66.4275和71.0567，最大吞吐量为0.4625和0.8649。