Product line engineering (PLE) has been employed to large-scale cyber-physical systems (CPSs) to provide customization based on users’ needs. A PLE methodology can be characterized by its support for capturing and managing the abstractions as commonalities and variabilities and the automation of the configuration process for effective selection and customization of reusable artifacts. The automation of a configuration process heavily relies on the captured abstractions and formally specified constraints using a well-defined modeling methodology. Based on the results of our previous work and a thorough literature review, in this paper, we propose a conceptual framework to support multi-stage and multi-step automated product configuration of CPSs, including a comprehensive classification of constraints and a list of automated functionalities of a CPS configuration solution. Such a framework can serve as a guide for researchers and practitioners to evaluate an existing CPS PLE solution or devise a novel CPS PLE solution. To validate the framework, we conducted three real-world case studies. Results show that the framework fulfills all the requirements of the case studies in terms of capturing and managing variabilities and constraints. Results of the literature review indicate that the framework covers all the functionalities concerned by the literature, suggesting that the framework is complete for enabling the maximum automation of configuration in CPS PLE.

产品线工程（PLE）已用于大型网络物理系统（CPS），以根据用户需求提供定制。PLE方法的特点是它支持捕获和管理作为通用性和可变性的抽象，并支持有效选择和定制可重用工件的配置过程自动化。使用定义良好的建模方法，配置过程的自动化在很大程度上依赖于捕获的抽象和正式指定的约束。基于我们先前工作的结果和详尽的文献综述，在本文​​中，我们提出了一个概念框架来支持CPS的多阶段和多步骤自动化产品配置，包括约束的全面分类和CPS配置解决方案的自动化功能列表。这样的框架可以作为研究人员和从业人员评估现有CPS PLE解决方案或设计新颖的CPS PLE解决方案的指南。为了验证该框架，我们进行了三个实际案例研究。结果表明，该框架在捕获和管理变异性和约束方面满足了案例研究的所有要求。文献综述的结果表明，该框架涵盖了文献所涉及的所有功能，这表明该框架是完整的，可以最大程度地实现CPS PLE中的配置自动化。这样的框架可以作为研究人员和从业人员评估现有CPS PLE解决方案或设计新颖的CPS PLE解决方案的指南。为了验证该框架，我们进行了三个实际案例研究。结果表明，该框架在捕获和管理变异性和约束方面满足了案例研究的所有要求。文献综述的结果表明，该框架涵盖了文献所涉及的所有功能，这表明该框架是完整的，可以最大程度地实现CPS PLE中的配置自动化。这样的框架可以作为研究人员和从业人员评估现有CPS PLE解决方案或设计新颖的CPS PLE解决方案的指南。为了验证该框架，我们进行了三个实际案例研究。结果表明，该框架在捕获和管理变异性和约束方面满足了案例研究的所有要求。文献综述的结果表明，该框架涵盖了文献所涉及的所有功能，这表明该框架是完整的，可以最大程度地实现CPS PLE中的配置自动化。