Nitro/oxidative modifications of proteins and RNA nitration resulted from altered peroxynitrite generation are elements of the indirect mode of action of canavanine and meta-tyrosine in plants Environmental conditions and stresses, including supplementation with toxic compounds, are known to impair reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) homeostasis, leading to modification in production of oxidized and nitrated derivatives. The role of nitrated and/or oxidized biotargets differs depending on the stress factors and developmental stage of plants. Canavanine (CAN) and meta-tyrosine (m-Tyr) are non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs). CAN, the structural analog of arginine, is found mostly in seeds of Fabaceae species, as a storage form of nitrogen. In mammalian cells, CAN is used as an anticancer agent due to its inhibitory action on nitric oxide synthesis. m-Tyr is a structural analogue of phenylalanine and an allelochemical found in root exudates of fescues. In animals, m-Tyr is recognized as a marker of oxidative stress. Supplementation of plants with CAN or m-Tyr modify ROS and RNS metabolism. Over the last few years of our research, we have collected the complex data on ROS and RNS metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants exposed to CAN or m-Tyr. In addition, we have shown the level of nitrated RNA (8-Nitro-guanine) in roots of seedlings, stressed by the tested NPAAs. In this review, we describe the model of CAN and m-Tyr mode of action in plants based on modifications of signaling pathways induced by ROS/RNS with a special focus on peroxynitrite induced RNA and protein modifications.

中文翻译：

---

过氧亚硝酸盐诱导植物对非蛋白氨基酸反应的信号通路

由改变的过氧亚硝酸盐生成引起的蛋白质的硝基/氧化修饰和 RNA 硝化是植物中刀豆氨酸和间位酪氨酸的间接作用模式的要素 已知环境条件和压力，包括补充有毒化合物会损害活性氧 (ROS)和活性氮物种 (RNS) 稳态，导致氧化和硝化衍生物生产的改变。硝化和/或氧化的生物靶标的作用因植物的胁迫因素和发育阶段而异。刀豆氨酸 (CAN) 和间位酪氨酸 (m-Tyr) 是非蛋白氨基酸 (NPAA)。CAN是精氨酸的结构类似物，主要存在于豆科植物的种子中，作为氮的储存形式。在哺乳动物细胞中，CAN由于其对一氧化氮合成的抑制作用而被用作抗癌剂。m-Tyr 是苯丙氨酸的结构类似物，是在羊茅根分泌物中发现的一种化感化学物质。在动物中，间-Tyr 被认为是氧化应激的标志物。用 CAN 或 m-Tyr 补充植物会改变 ROS 和 RNS 代谢。在过去几年的研究中，我们收集了暴露于 CAN 或 m-Tyr 的番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 植物中 ROS 和 RNS 代谢的复杂数据。此外，我们还显示了受测试的 NPAAs 胁迫的幼苗根中硝化 RNA（8-硝基鸟嘌呤）的水平。在这篇综述中，我们描述了基于 ROS/RNS 诱导的信号通路修饰的植物中 CAN 和 m-Tyr 作用模式的模型，特别关注过氧亚硝酸盐诱导的 RNA 和蛋白质修饰。