The amount of electronic waste generated in the world is impressive. The USA alone yearly throw away 9.4 million tons of electronic devices: only 12.5% is recycled. One way to reduce this massive impact on the environment is to disassemble these devices with the aim of reusing and recycling as many parts as possible. Disassembling end-of-life products is a complex industrial process that may pose workers at risk because some parts of the product may contain dangerous materials. It is thus crucial to design efficient, sustainable and secure disassembly lines. This paper presents a multi-objective formulation of the Disassembly Line Balancing Problem (DLBP) which promotes efficiency and includes a new objective that increases the level of safety. The efficiency is guaranteed by balancing the idle times of the workstations, and by maximizing the profit and the level of feasibility of a disassembly sequence, which means disassembling the product as much as possible. Safety is maximized by extracting each dangerous part with a priority that is higher the more dangerous the part is. The most dangerous parts can thus be quickly removed from the product, thereby eliminating the exposure to the greatest risks. The disassembly continues with the execution of the tasks that remove the parts that are gradually less dangerous. Along with the DLBP formulation, this paper presents a genetic algorithm purposely designed to solve the problem. Two real-world case studies are discussed which entail the disassembly of a TV monitor and an air conditioner.

世界上产生的电子废物数量惊人。仅美国一个国家每年就丢弃940万吨电子设备：仅回收了12.5％。减少对环境的巨大影响的一种方法是拆卸这些设备，以尽可能地重复使用和回收利用零件。拆卸报废产品是一个复杂的工业过程，可能会导致工人处于危险之中，因为产品的某些部分可能包含危险材料。因此，设计高效，可持续和安全的拆卸生产线至关重要。本文提出了可提高效率的拆装线平衡问题（DLBP）的多目标表述，其中包括提高安全水平的新目标。通过平衡工作站的空闲时间来保证效率，并通过最大程度地提高拆卸顺序的利润和可行性，这意味着尽可能多地拆卸产品。通过优先提取每个危险部分来提高安全性，优先级越高，危险性越高。因此，可以从产品中快速移除最危险的部件，从而消除了面临最大风险的风险。拆卸过程将继续执行，逐步删除危险程度逐渐降低的零件。除了DLBP公式外，本文还提出了一种旨在解决该问题的遗传算法。讨论了两个实际案例研究，这些案例研究涉及拆卸电视监视器和空调。通过优先提取每个危险部分来提高安全性，优先级越高，危险性越高。因此，可以从产品中快速移除最危险的部件，从而消除了面临最大风险的风险。拆卸过程将继续执行，逐步删除危险程度逐渐降低的零件。除了DLBP公式外，本文还提出了一种旨在解决该问题的遗传算法。讨论了两个实际案例研究，这些案例研究涉及拆卸电视监视器和空调。通过优先提取每个危险部分来提高安全性，优先级越高，危险性越高。因此，可以从产品中快速移除最危险的部件，从而消除了面临最大风险的风险。拆卸过程将继续执行，逐步删除危险程度逐渐降低的零件。除了DLBP公式外，本文还提出了一种旨在解决该问题的遗传算法。讨论了两个实际案例研究，这些案例研究涉及拆卸电视监视器和空调。拆卸过程将继续执行，逐步删除危险程度逐渐降低的零件。除了DLBP公式外，本文还提出了一种旨在解决该问题的遗传算法。讨论了两个实际案例研究，这些案例研究涉及拆卸电视监视器和空调。拆卸过程继续执行，逐步删除危险程度逐渐降低的零件。除了DLBP公式外，本文还提出了一种旨在解决该问题的遗传算法。讨论了两个实际案例研究，这些案例研究涉及拆卸电视监视器和空调。