Enhancing the role of the soil microbiota in plant phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) supply through application of organic fertilizer could reduce dependencies on non-sustainable synthetic fertilizers. To compare the effects of organic/inorganic fertilizers on the soil microbiota, soil columns with Lolium perenne (ryegrass) were set up in a greenhouse and amended with an inorganic fertilizer, cattle slurry (organic), or urea (P- and S-free control). Ryegrass rhizosphere of the slurry treatment had significantly higher abundances of bacterial feeding nematodes, mycorrhizal colonization, cultivable heterotrophic bacteria, phosphonate- and sulfonate-utilizing bacteria, arylsulfatase activity, available P, and Variovorax asfA gene copies compared to the inorganic and urea treatments. Phosphomonoesterase activities, and gene abundances involved in organic P and S transformations ( phoD , phoC , Burkholderia , and Polaromonas asfA ) were similar in all treatments. Grass dry matter yield and shoot uptake of N, P, and S were significantly higher in the inorganic treatment compared to the urea and slurry treatments. Community compositions differed significantly between the three fertilizer treatments and included the bacterial, alkaline phosphomonoesterase-producing bacterial, fungal, AM fungal, and nematode communities. Bacteriodetes were found in higher relative abundance in the organic treatment, while Acidobacteria were more abundant in the urea and inorganic fertilizer treatments. These community shifts correlated significantly with grass dry matter yield, uptake of N, P, and S, mycorrhizal colonization, enzyme activities, abundances of bacteria, and bacterial feeding nematodes. We concluded that organic fertilization promoted soil microbes and nematodes which have the potential to support sustainable plant growth, provided that the overall nutrient requirements are met.

中文翻译：

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土壤微生物群和线虫对草地柱体施有机无机肥的响应

通过施用有机肥来增强土壤微生物群在植物磷 (P) 和硫 (S) 供应中的作用，可以减少对非可持续合成肥料的依赖。为了比较有机/无机肥料对土壤微生物群的影响，在温室中设置了多年生黑麦草的土壤柱，并用无机肥料、牛粪（有机）或尿素（无磷和无硫）进行改良控制）。与无机和尿素处理相比，浆液处理的黑麦草根际具有显着更高的细菌取食线虫、菌根定植、可培养的异养细菌、膦酸盐和磺酸盐利用细菌、芳基硫酸酯酶活性、有效磷和 Variovorax asfA 基因拷贝的丰度。磷酸单酯酶活性，有机磷和硫转化（phoD、phoC、Burkholderia 和 Polaromonas asfA）中涉及的基因丰度和基因丰度在所有处理中都相似。与尿素和泥浆处理相比，无机处理的草干物质产量和芽吸收的 N、P 和 S 显着更高。三种肥料处理之间的群落组成存在显着差异，包括细菌、产生碱性磷酸单酯酶的细菌、真菌、AM 真菌和线虫群落。有机处理中拟杆菌相对丰度较高，而尿素和无机肥处理中酸杆菌相对丰度更高。这些群落变化与草干物质产量、N、P 和 S 的吸收、菌根定植、酶活性、细菌丰度、和细菌摄食线虫。我们得出的结论是，有机施肥促进了土壤微生物和线虫的生长，这些微生物和线虫有可能支持可持续的植物生长，前提是满足整体营养需求。