Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is an adequate treatment for congenital hydrocephalus or chronic hydrocephalus in adults. Yet, it is a surgery associated with a significant rate of complications amongst neurosurgical procedures, with frequent shunt obstructions and infections. We report the first-ever case of peritonitis caused by Roseomonas mucosa, shortly after the revision of a VPS ventricular catheter. Hardware removal and proper antibiotic therapy led to the patient’s recovery. Roseomonas mucosa is an opportunistic skin pathogen with an antibiotic resistance profile to many beta-lactamines and a tropism for indwelling catheters and post-operative period. Nowadays, it should be taken into account in case of infection of indwelling catheters and for some implantable medical devices.

心室腹膜分流术（VPS）是成人先天性脑积水或慢性脑积水的适当治疗方法。然而，这是一种在神经外科手术中伴随着大量并发症，频繁的分流阻塞和感染的手术。我们报告了VPS心室导管修订后不久，由Roseomonas粘膜引起的首例腹膜炎病例。硬件拆除和适当的抗生素治疗使患者康复。粘膜迷迭香是一种机会性皮肤病原体，对许多β-内酰胺类抗生素有抗药性，并且在留置导管和术后时期具有嗜性。如今，在感染留置导管和某些可植入医疗设备的情况下，应考虑到这一点。