Interaction of C. albicans with oral bacteria is crucial for its persistence, but also plays a potential role in the infection process. In the oral cavity, it grows as part of dental plaque biofilms. Even though growth and interaction of C. albicans with certain bacterial species has been studied, little is known about its biofilm growth in vitro in the simultaneous presence of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The aim was to evaluate the growth of C. albicans in polymicrobial biofilms comprising oral Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Further, we also aimed to assess the potential of C. albicans in the Candida-bacteria polymicrobial biofilm to elicit cytokine gene expression and cytokine production from human blood cells. C. albicans cell counts increased significantly up to 48 h in polymicrobial biofilms (p < 0.05), while the bacterial counts in the same biofilms increased only marginally as revealed by qPCR absolute quantification. However, the presence of bacteria in the biofilm did not seem to affect the growth of C. albicans. Expression of IL-8 gene was significantly (p < 0.05) higher upon stimulation from biofilm-supernatants than from biofilms in polymicrobial setting. On the contrary, TNF-α expression was significantly higher in biofilms than in supernatants but was very low (1–4 folds) in the monospecies biofilm of C. albicans. ELISA cytokine quantification data was in agreement with mRNA expression results. Persistence and enhanced growth of C. albicans in polymicrobial biofilms may imply that previously reported antagonistic effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans was negated. Increased cytokine gene expression and cytokine production induced by Candida-bacteria polymicrobial biofilms and biofilm supernatants suggest that together they possibly exert an enhanced stimulatory effect on IL-8 and TNF-α production from the host.

中文翻译：

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在存在口服革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的情况下，白色念珠菌的生物膜生长以及IL-8和TNF-α的诱导特性。

白色念珠菌与口腔细菌的相互作用对其持久性至关重要，但在感染过程中也可能起潜在作用。在口腔中，它作为牙菌斑生物膜的一部分生长。尽管已经研究了白色念珠菌与某些细菌物种的生长和相互作用，但在革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌同时存在的情况下，其体外生物膜的生长知之甚少。目的是评估白色念珠菌在包含口腔革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌的微生物生物膜中的生长。此外，我们还旨在评估念珠菌细菌微生物生物膜中白色念珠菌引发人血细胞因子基因表达和细胞因子产生的潜力。在微生物生物膜中，白色念珠菌细胞计数显着增加，直至48 h（p <0.05），qPCR绝对定量显示，同一生物膜中的细菌数量仅略有增加。但是，生物膜中细菌的存在似乎并未影响白色念珠菌的生长。在生物膜上清液中刺激后，IL-8基因的表达明显高于（p <0.05）在多微生物环境中的生物膜。相反，生物膜中的TNF-α表达明显高于上清液，但在白色念珠菌的单物种生物膜中却非常低（1-4倍）。ELISA细胞因子定量数据与mRNA表达结果一致。白色念珠菌在微生物生物膜中的持久存在和增强的生长可能暗示先前报道的放线菌的拮抗作用已被否定。