Aircraft infrared signature is one of the most important properties for the military aircraft survivability. In terms of military aircraft, the exhaust system is the most significant infrared radiation source. The exhaust system accounts for more than 90% of the aircraft infrared radiation, and that the exhaust nozzle contributes the most significant infrared radiation of the whole radiation energy provided by the exhaust system from the rear aspect. Low detectionable feature for military aircraft has attracted more importance to promote aircraft survivability via reducing infrared signature. The alteration of nozzle exit area affects an aircraft engine performance; meanwhile, it severely influences the engine infrared signature radiation from the rear side. The present paper is mainly focused on searching an appropriate group of nozzle exit diameter and throat to exit diameter ratio, which can reduce infrared signature radiation while cutting down the loss of thrust. Hence, objectives involve two aspects: one is minimum infrared signature level, and the other is minimum thrust loss. The multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition has been employed to solve this bi-objective optimization problem. The optimization results illustrate that dimension selection range and throat to exit diameter ratio exert more important effect on the thrust loss and infrared signature level. Furthermore, the thrust plays significant role for deciding nozzle exit diameter and throat diameter.

中文翻译：

---

基于 MOEA/D 的飞机发动机红外特征和推力主动控制的喷嘴尺寸设计

飞机红外特征是军用飞机生存能力最重要的特性之一。对军用飞机而言，排气系统是最主要的红外辐射源。排气系统占飞机红外辐射的90%以上，而排气喷嘴从后方提供的排气系统提供的整个辐射能量中贡献的红外辐射最为显着。军用飞机的低可探测特征通过减少红外特征来提高飞机的生存能力已引起更多重视。喷管出口面积的改变会影响飞机发动机的性能；同时，它严重影响了发动机后部的红外特征辐射。本文主要着眼于寻找合适的喷管出口直径和喉道出口直径比组，在减少推力损失的同时减少红外特征辐射。因此，目标涉及两个方面：一是最小红外特征电平，二是最小推力损失。基于分解的多目标进化算法被用来解决这个双目标优化问题。优化结果表明，尺寸选择范围和喉道出口直径比对推力损失和红外特征水平产生更重要的影响。此外，推力在决定喷嘴出口直径和喉部直径方面起着重要作用。这可以减少红外特征辐射，同时减少推力损失。因此，目标涉及两个方面：一是最小红外特征电平，二是最小推力损失。基于分解的多目标进化算法被用来解决这个双目标优化问题。优化结果表明，尺寸选择范围和喉道出口直径比对推力损失和红外特征水平产生更重要的影响。此外，推力在决定喷嘴出口直径和喉部直径方面起着重要作用。这可以减少红外特征辐射，同时减少推力损失。因此，目标涉及两个方面：一是最小红外特征电平，二是最小推力损失。基于分解的多目标进化算法被用来解决这个双目标优化问题。优化结果表明，尺寸选择范围和喉道出口直径比对推力损失和红外特征水平产生更重要的影响。此外，推力在决定喷嘴出口直径和喉部直径方面起着重要作用。基于分解的多目标进化算法被用来解决这个双目标优化问题。优化结果表明，尺寸选择范围和喉道出口直径比对推力损失和红外特征水平产生更重要的影响。此外，推力在决定喷嘴出口直径和喉部直径方面起着重要作用。基于分解的多目标进化算法被用来解决这个双目标优化问题。优化结果表明，尺寸选择范围和喉道出口直径比对推力损失和红外特征水平产生更重要的影响。此外，推力在决定喷嘴出口直径和喉部直径方面起着重要作用。