A field expedition in the High Andes/Atacama Desert region revealed two types of flow-produced structures and a unique flow regime. Gullies somewhat smaller than those on Mars (width: 0.2–1 m, depth: 0.2–0.6 m, length: 4–60 m) were observed as mainly erosional structures. The other flow-related feature called infilled valleys showed activity only in specific, spatially discrete areas during the daytime. The active sections were composed of a source depression where liquid H₂O was produced from subsurface buried sources, which flowed down and percolated into fine-grained infilling material of the valley. Several such active sections could be present along one valley, separated by inactive ones. Three types of H₂O sources fed them: buried snow, surface snow, and ice left behind from the liquid water that had emerged the preceding day. This latter source has not yet been suggested for Mars. Some aspects related to the formation of the gullies and infilled valleys (H₂O budget, albedo, erosional processes) may be similar with the formation processes hypothesized for the recurring slope lineae on Mars. The observed diurnal spatially discrete activity of the infilled valleys is related to the interaction of insolation and mass movement of exhumed subsurface snow, which is also believed to exist on Mars. The Ojos del Salado site is unique in that, despite it being located in the hyperarid High Andes/Atacama Desert region, material from rare snowfall events has been protected due to burial by grains transported by strong winds, supporting ephemeral melting in the long term.

中文翻译：

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安第斯-阿塔卡马高地的独特且可能与火星有关的流态和水源。

高安第斯山脉/阿塔​​卡马沙漠地区的一次野外考察揭示了两种类型的产流结构和独特的流态。观察到的沟壑比火星的沟壑稍小（宽度：0.2-1m，深度：0.2-0.6m，长度：4-60m），主要是侵蚀结构。另一个与流量有关的特征称为“充满山谷”，仅在白天在特定的空间离散区域内显示活动。活动部分由一个源凹陷组成，在该凹陷中，地下的地下源产生了液态H ₂ O，该流体向下流动并渗入山谷的细粒填充材料中。一个山谷中可能有几个这样的活动部分，被不活动的部分隔开。三种类型的H ₂O个源给他们喂食：积雪，地表雪和前一天出现的液态水留下的冰。尚未为火星建议使用后者。与沟壑和填谷形成有关的某些方面（H ₂预算，反照率，侵蚀过程）可能与火星上反复发生的斜坡线的假想形成过程相似。观测到的填充谷的昼夜空间离散活动与发掘的地下雪的日照和质量运动的相互作用有关，据信这也存在于火星上。Ojos del Salado厂址的独特之处在于，尽管它位于高干旱的安第斯山脉/阿塔​​卡马沙漠地区，由于强风吹拂的谷物埋葬了稀有降雪事件的材料，因此受到了长期保护，支持了短暂的融化。