Integration of renewable raw materials in existing refineries is most likely the shortest way for the successful, large-scale introduction of biofuels in the transport sector in the short term and medium term. One possible renewable raw material for this application is fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), which in this study has been coprocessed (at 0 and 20 wt %) with vacuum residue (VR, 50 wt %) and vacuum gas oil (VGO, balance) in a continuous, as well as a semibatch, slurry hydrocracking process. Experiments both with and without FPBO were performed at 450 °C and 150 bar with a continuous hydrogen flow through the reactor. Oil-soluble molybdenum hexacarbonyl and molybdenum 2-ethylhexanoate were used as catalyst precursors, to be sulfided in situ. The continuous trials resulted in reactor walls completely free of coking, and they resulted in a low overall coke yield (about 1 wt %). The hydrodeoxygenation reached almost 92%, and the total acid number was reduced by nearly 99% in the FPBO experiment. A mass balance of the renewable carbon from FPBO, based on the performed experiments, showed that the fossil CO₂ emissions can be lowered by 1.35 kg per kilogram of processed FPBO if all renewable carbon in gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons is used to replace its fossil counterparts, and all methane formed from FPBO is used to produce hydrogen. Semibatch experiments gave less successful results when upgrading FPBO-containing feedstock, with a high coke yield (8 wt %) as well as a high gas yield (24 wt %). The results of this study demonstrate that FPBO can be successfully coprocessed with heavy fossil oils in a continuous slurry hydrocracking process without negatively affecting the processing of the fossil components of the feed and that a continuous process is preferred over batch or semibatch processes when studying coprocessing of bio-oils.

中文翻译：

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连续浆液加氢裂化中真空残渣和减压瓦斯油快速热解生物油的精炼

在短期和中期，将可再生原料整合到现有炼油厂中很可能是在运输领域成功，大规模引入生物燃料的最短途径。一种适用于此应用的可能的可再生原料是快速热解生物油（FPBO），在本研究中，该产品已与减压渣油（VR，50 wt％）和减压瓦斯油（VGO，连续和半间歇式浆料加氢裂化工艺）。使用和不使用FPBO的实验都是在450°C和150 bar下进行的，连续的氢气流通过反应器。将油溶性六羰基钼和2-乙基己酸钼用作催化剂前体，使其就地硫化。连续的试验导致反应堆壁完全没有结焦，并且它们导致低的总焦炭收率（约1重量％）。在FPBO实验中，加氢脱氧率几乎达到92％，总酸值降低了近99％。根据进行的实验，FPBO中可再生碳的质量平衡表明，化石CO_2个排放可通过1.35千克每公斤处理FPBO的降低，如果在气态和液态烃所有可再生的碳被用来取代其化石对应，并从FPBO形成的所有甲烷被用于产生氢气。当对含FPBO的原料进行提质时，半批生产实验的成功率较低，焦炭产率高（8 wt％），气体产率高（24 wt％）。这项研究的结果表明，FPBO可以在连续的浆液加氢裂化过程中与重化石油成功地共加工，而不会负面影响饲料中化石成分的加工，并且在研究共沸工艺时，连续工艺比分批或半分批工艺更可取。生物油。