Scientific publishing is the means by which we communicate and share scientific knowledge, but this process currently often lacks transparency and machine-interpretable representations. Scientific articles are published in long coarse-grained text with complicated structures, and they are optimized for human readers and not for automated means of organization and access. Peer reviewing is the main method of quality assessment, but these peer reviews are nowadays rarely published and their own complicated structure and linking to the respective articles is not accessible. In order to address these problems and to better align scientific publishing with the principles of the Web and Linked Data, we propose here an approach to use nanopublications as a unifying model to represent in a semantic way the elements of publications, their assessments, as well as the involved processes, actors, and provenance in general. To evaluate our approach, we present a dataset of 627 nanopublications representing an interlinked network of the elements of articles (such as individual paragraphs) and their reviews (such as individual review comments). Focusing on the specific scenario of editors performing a meta-review, we introduce seven competency questions and show how they can be executed as SPARQL queries. We then present a prototype of a user interface for that scenario that shows different views on the set of review comments provided for a given manuscript, and we show in a user study that editors find the interface useful to answer their competency questions. In summary, we demonstrate that a unified and semantic publication model based on nanopublications can make scientific communication more effective and user-friendly.

中文翻译：

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用于有效和用户友好地访问科学出版要素的统一纳米出版模型

科学出版是我们交流和分享科学知识的手段，但这个过程目前通常缺乏透明度和机器可解释的表示。科学文章以具有复杂结构的长粗粒度文本发表，它们针对人类读者进行了优化，而不是针对自动化的组织和访问方式。同行评议是质量评估的主要方法，但这些同行评议现在很少发表，而且它们自身的复杂结构和与相应文章的链接无法访问。为了解决这些问题并更好地使科学出版与网络和关联数据的原则保持一致，我们在此提出一种方法，将纳米出版物用作统一模型，以语义方式表示出版物的元素、它们的评估、以及所涉及的过程、参与者和一般出处。为了评估我们的方法，我们提供了一个包含 627 个纳米出版物的数据集，代表文章元素（例如单个段落）及其评论（例如个人评论评论）的相互关联网络。专注于编辑执行元审查的特定场景，我们介绍了七个能力问题，并展示了如何将它们作为 SPARQL 查询执行。然后，我们为该场景提供了一个用户界面原型，该原型显示了对给定手稿提供的一组审阅评论的不同观点，我们在用户研究中表明，编辑发现该界面有助于回答他们的能力问题。总之，