Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and essential oils (EO) extracted from different organs of Sambucus nigra (leaves, flower buds, flowers, unripe and ripe fruits), were evaluated in this work. VOC analyses highlighted that oxygenated monoterpenes were the major class for both flowers and ripe fruits with percentages of 71.1% and 35.1%, respectively. The ripe fruit showed a considerable amount of linalyl acetate (26.3%) while cis-linalool oxide (pyranoide) (38.6%) was the main constituent of the flowers. This latter compound was also one of the major constituents of the leaf extracts (10.3% of the total identified fractions). The leaves evidenced a high percentage of esters (31.6%) with (Z)-3-hexenol acetate (15.1%) as the major constituent. Alcohols were exclusively represented by 1-hexanol (42.5%) and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol (31.1%) in the unripe fruits, while β-caryophyllene (42.0%) was the characteristic component of the buds. All the studied EOs showed non-terpene derivatives as the main class of volatiles even though its percentage varied in an organ-dependent manner. Alkanes were predominant and especially represented by heneicosane (the highest percentage of 32.9% in the fresh flowers) and nonadecane (the highest percentage of 17.2% in the buds,). Benzaldehyde was the main aldehyde in the leaves (17.8%) while acids, chiefly n-hexadecanoic acid, were also found in quite high amounts in the ripe fruits (14.3%).

摘要

在这项工作中，对从黑接骨木的不同器官（叶子，花蕾，花朵，未成熟的果实）中提取的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和精油（EO）进行了评估。VOC分析强调，含氧单萜类是花朵和成熟果实的主要类别，分别占71.1％和35.1％的百分比。成熟的果实显示出大量的乙酸芳樟酯（26.3％），而顺式-芳樟醇氧化物（吡喃化物）（38.6％）是花朵的主要成分。后一种化合物也是叶提取物的主要成分之一（占总鉴定级分的10.3％）。叶子显示出高百分比的酯（31.6％）与（Z）-3-乙酸己烯醇（15.1％）为主要成分。在未成熟的果实中，酒精仅以1-己醇（42.5％）和（E）-3-己烯-1-醇（31.1％）表示，而β-石竹烯（42.0％）是芽的特征成分。所有研究的EOs均以非萜烯衍生物为主要挥发物，即使其百分比以器官依赖性方式变化。烷烃占主导地位，尤其以海二十烷（鲜花中最高比例为32.9％）和十八烷（芽中最高比例为17.2％）为代表。苯甲醛是叶片中的主要醛（17.8％），而在成熟果实中也发现了大量的酸（主要为正十六酸）（14.3％）。