Lakes and reservoirs have critical impacts on hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes, and they should be an essential component of regional-scale hydrological and eco-hydrological models. This is particularly important in Canada with its tens of thousands of lakes. Past large-scale hydrologic modelling efforts tend to either ignore the impacts of all lakes or explicitly simulate the behaviour of only the largest lakes in a watershed. This research derives a suite of Pan-Canadian subwatershed-based lake and river routing GIS products at multiple spatial resolutions (average catchment size ranges from 60 to 306 km² while the number of lakes explicitly represented ranges from 11,000 to 87,000). These publicly available data products supply all the necessary hydrologic routing model inputs, including network topology, subwatershed geometry, channel characteristics (slope, length, roughness, and geometry), and lake characteristics (area, volume, and outlet description), and were derived primarily from the HydroLAKES, HydroBASINS and HydroSHEDS databases. All Water Survey of Canada streamflow gauging stations are used to define subwatershed outlets in the products. The routing product is used to inform a hydrologic routing model in the Raven hydrologic modelling framework. This is the first demonstration of Raven in routing-only mode. As a case study, the Hudson Bay drainage basin (∼40% of Canada) is simulated using GEM-Surf land surface model gridded runoff and recharge as inputs and includes more than 20,000 river reaches and more than 10,000 lakes explicitly represented at an hourly timestep. Uncalibrated streamflows compare reasonably well to measured streamflows at select locations. The sensitivity of the routing model prediction quality to the discretization level for represented lakes is evaluated and shows, for example, that ignoring multiple smaller lakes can have a significant impact on predictions.

湖泊和水库对水文，生物地球化学和生态过程具有关键影响，它们应成为区域规模水文和生态水文模型的重要组成部分。这在加拿大数以万计的湖泊中尤为重要。过去的大规模水文模拟工作往往要么忽略所有湖泊的影响，要么明确地模拟流域中最大的湖泊的行为。这项研究得出了一套基于泛加拿大次流域的湖泊和河流路线GIS产品，具有多种空间分辨率（平均集水面积范围为60至306 km ²而明确表示的湖泊数量则在11,000至87,000之间。这些可公开获得的数据产品提供了所有必要的水文路径模型输入，包括网络拓扑，子流域几何形状，河道特征（坡度，长度，粗糙度和几何形状）和湖泊特征（面积，体积和出水口描述），并已得出主要来自HydroLAKES，HydroBASINS和HydroSHEDS数据库。加拿大的所有水调查流量测量站均用于定义产品中的小流域出口。路由产品用于通知Raven水文建模框架中的水文路由模型。这是Raven在仅路由模式下的首次演示。作为案例研究 哈德逊湾流域（约占加拿大的40％）是使用GEM-Surf地表模型以径流和补给作为输入来模拟的，其中包括以小时为单位的20,000多个河段和10,000多个湖泊。未校准的流量与选定位置处的测量流量相当好。评估了路由模型预测质量对代表湖泊离散化水平的敏感性，并显示，例如，忽略多个较小的湖泊可能会对预测产生重大影响。