Streams and their adjacent riparian zones are increasingly viewed as interdependent systems linked by reciprocal exchanges of energy, organisms, and materials. We assessed potential associations between the emerging aquatic insect flux and transitions between agricultural land and forest fragments to better understand these stream‐riparian linkages in managed landscapes. We sampled stream environmental conditions and emerging insects at 28 sites distributed along three streams flowing through agriculture‐forest‐agriculture transitions in central Ohio, USA, in the summer of 2012. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera (ET) taxa had higher flux densities in forests (mean and 95% CI: 0.3 insects m⁻² d⁻¹ [0.1, 0.8]) compared to agriculture (mean and 95% CI: 0 insect m⁻² d⁻¹ [0, 0.1]; p = .004), and ET taxa were found in 67% of forested sites compared to only 15% of agricultural sites. In contrast, Dolichopodidae were more strongly associated with agricultural land (mean and 95% CI: 0.6 insect m⁻² d⁻¹ [0.3 to 1.2]) than forests (mean and 95% CI: 0.1 insects m⁻² d⁻¹ [0.1, 0.2]; p = .002). Although Chironomidae were the most numerically abundant, ET taxa were among the larger bodied insects and comprised >30% of the total biomass flux, illustrating the importance of taxonomic traits in mediating flux dynamics. Mechanisms driving emerging insect flux were related to substrate grain‐size distribution, channel width, and nutrient concentrations. Overall, our results demonstrate that small forest fragments are strongly related to the aquatic‐to‐terrestrial insect flux and thus have important implications for terrestrial biodiversity and food webs in agricultural landscapes.

中文翻译：

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土地覆盖转变对农业流域新兴水生昆虫和源头水流环境特征的影响

溪流及其相邻的河岸带越来越被视为相互依存的系统，它们通过相互交换能量，生物和物质而相互联系。我们评估了新兴水生昆虫通量与农业用地与森林碎片之间的过渡之间的潜在关联，以更好地了解管理景观中的这些河岸关系。2012年夏天，我们在美国俄亥俄州中部的三大溪流中，通过农业-森林-农业转变，分布在28个地点的溪流环境条件和新兴昆虫中。星状目和直翅目（ET）类群在森林中的通量密度较高（平均值）和95％CI：0.3昆虫m ^-2 d ^-1 [0.1，0.8]），而农业（平均和95％CI：0昆虫m ^-2 d^-1 [0，0.1]; p = .004），而在67％的林地中发现了ET分类群，而在农业地中只有15％。相反，与森林（平均值和95％CI：0.1昆虫m ^-2 d ^-1 [[平均和95％CI：0.6昆虫m ^-2 d ^-1 [0.3至1.2]]相比，Dolichopodidae与农田的相关性更高。0.1，0.2]; p= .002）。尽管Chironomidae在数量上最多，但ET类群是较大的昆虫体之一，占总生物量通量的30％以上，这说明了分类学特征在介导通量动态中的重要性。驱动新兴昆虫通量的机制与基质的粒径分布，通道宽度和养分浓度有关。总体而言，我们的结果表明，小片森林碎片与水生陆地昆虫的通量密切相关，因此对农业景观中的陆地生物多样性和食物网具有重要意义。