Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) was considered as an essential modifiers in feelings intake, the regulation of metabolism and body weight. This study aimed at identifying polymorphisms in MC4R gene that might associate with carcass quality traits in Chinese indigenous beef cattle breed. qPCR analysis showed that the MC4R gene was widely expressed in various tissues, with predominantly expression levels in heart. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, including a mutation (g.85A > G) in 5’untranslated regions (UTR) and two mutations (g.927C > T and g.1069C > G) in exon 1. Based on the χ² test, both g.927C > T and g.1069C > G loci fitted with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > .05). Population genetic analysis showed that except for g.85A > G, the other detected SNPs strongly affected the bovine back fat thickness and intramuscular fat content (P < .05). The individuals with Hap1/4 diplotypes (ACC-ATG) were highly significantly associated with carcass quality traits than the other diplotypes (P < .01 or P < .05). Results indicated that the bovine MC4R gene polymorphisms were implicated as genetic markers of potential importance in marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies to improve carcass quality in Chinese Qinchuan cattle.