Abstract Despite the fact that there is a 97% consensus among climate scientists that humans are causing global warming, the spread of misinformation continues to undermine public support for climate action. Previous studies have found that resistance to misinformation can be induced by cognitively inoculating individuals against doubt-sowing about climate change. However, the long-term effectiveness of this approach is currently unknown. In a preregistered replication and extension experiment we combined a scientific consensus message with an inoculation treatment, and exposed participants to an influential misinformation message one week later. We explored 1) whether we can replicate the finding that inoculation is able to protect against a misinformation attack, and 2) whether or not the consensus and inoculation effects remain stable over the course of one week. Successfully replicating the effects of the original study, we found a strong initial consensus effect that is sensitive to doubt-sowing misinformation. Importantly, we also found that the consensus effect can be inoculated against misinformation. Extending the replication, we found that the consensus effect shows partial decay over time, while the inoculation effect remains stable for at least one week. We discuss the impact of our findings for inoculation theory, climate change psychology, and public policy.

中文翻译：

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应对气候变化错误信息：接种和共识信息效应长寿的证据

摘要 尽管气候科学家 97% 的共识是人类正在导致全球变暖，但错误信息的传播继续削弱公众对气候行动的支持。先前的研究发现，通过让个体对气候变化的怀疑播种进行认知接种，可以诱导对错误信息的抵抗。然而，这种方法的长期有效性目前未知。在预先注册的复制和扩展实验中，我们将科学共识信息与接种处理相结合，并在一周后让参与者接触到有影响力的错误信息。我们探索了 1) 我们是否可以复制接种能够防止错误信息攻击的发现，2）共识和接种效果在一周内是否保持稳定。我们成功复制了原始研究的效果，发现了一种强烈的初始共识效应，它对散播怀疑的错误信息很敏感。重要的是，我们还发现共识效应可以预防错误信息。扩展复制，我们发现共识效应随着时间的推移表现出部分衰减，而接种效应至少保持稳定一周。我们讨论了我们的发现对接种理论、气候变化心理学和公共政策的影响。我们还发现共识效应可以预防错误信息。扩展复制，我们发现共识效应随着时间的推移表现出部分衰减，而接种效应至少保持稳定一周。我们讨论了我们的发现对接种理论、气候变化心理学和公共政策的影响。我们还发现共识效应可以预防错误信息。扩展复制，我们发现共识效应随着时间的推移表现出部分衰减，而接种效应至少保持稳定一周。我们讨论了我们的发现对接种理论、气候变化心理学和公共政策的影响。