Abstract Experimental evidence suggests that our internal representation of surrounding space consists of a stack of horizontal planes. This outcome could reflect a fundamental property of human spatial cognition, or it could just reflect the asymmetrical permeability of buildings in which participants were tested, i.e., they had ample opportunity for looking and walking within a given level, but much less opportunity for looking and walking between levels. To find out we designed two grid-like mazes, a virtual and an imagined one, both with symmetrical permeability, and asked participants to find their way from a starting point to a goal once while the maze was oriented horizontally (condition H), and once while it was oriented vertically (condition V). We observed no significant differences between wayfinding performance in H and V, neither with the virtual nor with the imagined maze. This result provides no support for the view that internal representations in the form of stacked horizontal planes reflect a fundamental cognitive principle.

中文翻译：

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水平与垂直平面中的人类寻路

摘要 实验证据表明，我们对周围空间的内部表示由一堆水平面组成。这个结果可能反映了人类空间认知的一个基本属性，或者它可能只是反映了参与者被测试建筑物的不对称渗透性，即他们有足够的机会在给定的水平内看和走，但很少有机会看和走。在级别之间行走。为了找出答案，我们设计了两个网格状迷宫，一个是虚拟的，一个是想象的，都具有对称的渗透性，并要求参与者在迷宫水平方向（条件 H）的情况下找到从起点到目标的路一次，并且一次，而它是垂直定向的（条件 V）。我们观察到 H 和 V 中的寻路性能没有显着差异，无论是虚拟的还是想象的迷宫。这一结果不支持以下观点，即堆叠水平面形式的内部表示反映了一个基本的认知原则。