Living organisms adapt to changing environments using their amazing flexibility to remodel themselves by a process called evolution. Environmental stress causes selective pressure and is associated with genetic and phenotypic shifts for better modifications, maintenance, and functioning of organismal systems. The natural evolution process can be used in complement to rational strain engineering for the development of desired traits or phenotypes as well as for the production of novel biomaterials through the imposition of one or more selective pressures. Space provides a unique environment of stressors (e.g., weightlessness and high radiation) that organisms have never experienced on Earth. Cells in the outer space reorganize and develop or activate a range of molecular responses that lead to changes in cellular properties. Exposure of cells to the outer space will lead to the development of novel variants more efficiently than on Earth. For instance, natural crop varieties can be generated with higher nutrition value, yield, and improved features, such as resistance against high and low temperatures, salt stress, and microbial and pest attacks. The review summarizes the literature on the parameters of outer space that affect the growth and behavior of cells and organisms as well as complex colloidal systems. We illustrate an understanding of gravity-related basic biological mechanisms and enlighten the possibility to explore the outer space environment for application-oriented aspects. This will stimulate biological research in the pursuit of innovative approaches for the future of agriculture and health on Earth.

生命有机体通过其惊人的灵活性通过称为进化的过程进行自我重塑，从而适应不断变化的环境。环境压力会引起选择性压力，并与遗传和表型转移相关，以更好地修饰，维持和维持机体系统的功能。自然进化过程可用于合理菌株工程的补充，以开发所需的性状或表型，以及通过施加一个或多个选择性压力来生产新型生物材料。太空提供了生物体从未经历过的独特的压力源环境（例如失重和高辐射）。外层空间中的细胞会重组并发展或激活一系列分子反应，从而导致细胞特性发生变化。细胞暴露于外太空将比地球更有效地开发出新的变体。例如，可以产生具有更高营养价值，产量和改进特性的天然农作物品种，例如抗高温和低温，耐盐胁迫以及微生物和害虫侵袭。该综述总结了有关影响细胞和生物体以及复杂的胶体系统的生长和行为的外层空间参数的文献。我们说明了对重力相关的基本生物学机制的理解，并启发了探索面向应用程序方面的外太空环境的可能性。这将刺激生物学研究，为地球上的农业和健康的未来寻求创新方法。