Abstract Indoor positioning complements the mature outdoor positioning technology, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), by achieving real-time positioning in any environment under a blockage of GNSS signals. In the construction management field, this paper demonstrates that indoor positioning enables five significant applications that considerably enhance work efficiency and safety on construction sites. Without a perfect indoor positioning system and under complicated site environment, developing a suitable on-site indoor positioning system is challenging and essentially user-oriented and environment-specific. This paper analyses the challenges to implement on-site indoor positioning systems, and proposes indoor positioning performance metrics, namely APP-CAT, for evaluating indoor positioning systems. The fundamental indoor positioning principles are first discussed and evaluated. Subsequently, the top 10 indoor positioning technologies, selected by their performance in APP-CAT and their popularity, are thoroughly compared. The promising trends of indoor positioning development, e.g., indoor positioning hybridization, game theory positioning, and integration with BIM models, are highlighted.

中文翻译：

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工地室内定位十大技术

摘要 室内定位是对成熟的室外定位技术全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的补充，可在GNSS信号遮挡的任何环境下实现实时定位。在施工管理领域，本文论证了室内定位可以实现五个重要应用，显着提高施工现场的工作效率和安全性。在没有完善的室内定位系统和复杂的现场环境下，开发适合的现场室内定位系统具有挑战性，本质上是面向用户和特定环境的。本文分析了实现现场室内定位系统的挑战，并提出了室内定位性能指标，即APP-CAT，用于评估室内定位系统。首先讨论和评估基本的室内定位原理。随后，根据其在APP-CAT中的表现和受欢迎程度，对排名前10的室内定位技术进行了全面比较。强调了室内定位发展的有希望的趋势，例如室内定位混合、博弈论定位和与BIM模型的集成。