The meandering of the Gulf Stream through the Straits of Florida is associated with eddy activity to the north (along the Florida Keys) and the south (along the Cuban coast). This study focuses on recently identified processes along the Cuban coast, namely anticyclonic eddies (Cuban ANticyclones: CubANs) and cyclonic activity characterized by cold-core eddies (cyclones) and coastal upwelling that enhances them. It is shown that these processes are an important factor for the evolution of the Loop Current/Florida Current (LC/FC) system. In particular, the Gulf Stream meandering inside the Straits (that is manifested as the position of the FC branch) is strongly related to CubANs either inside the retracted (closer to the Cuban coast) LC branch (CubAN “A”) or outside the LC as independent eddies (CubAN “B”). There are also mixed cases that both types of CubANs can be present, sharing a common place of origin, but evolving differently. These anticyclones are found to be strongly related to cyclonic activity and resulting temperature gradients along Cuba, characterized by cold-core cyclonic eddies and additional pools of cold waters that have upwelled under wind influence. These processes are shown to influence Gulf Stream meandering and also largely control the offshore export of upwelled, generally cooler and more productive, coastal waters. High-resolution simulations, in tandem with a variety of observational data, are used during a period of 8 years (2010–2017) to describe the evolution of CubANs and their contribution to Gulf Stream variability and associated coastal to offshore interactions. These findings are important for connectivity pathways between US and Cuban marine protected areas and between US coasts and the main Cuban area of oil exploration.

中文翻译：

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佛罗里达海峡湾流的演变：涡流和古巴附近上升流的作用

穿越佛罗里达海峡的墨西哥湾流与北部（沿佛罗里达群岛）和南部（沿古巴海岸）的涡流活动有关。这项研究的重点是最近在古巴沿岸确定的过程，即反气旋涡（Cuban ANticyclones：CubANs）和以冷芯涡为特征的气旋活动（旋风）和增强它们的沿海上升流。结果表明，这些过程是环路电流/佛罗里达电流（LC / FC）系统发展的重要因素。特别是，在海峡内蜿蜒的墨西哥湾流（表现为FC分支的位置）与缩回（更靠近古巴海岸）的LC分支（CubAN“ A”）内部或LC外部的CubAN密切相关。作为独立的旋律（CubAN“ B”）。还有混合情况，两种类型的CubAN都可以存在，共享一个共同的起源地，但发展方式不同。这些反气旋与古巴的气旋活动和由此产生的温度梯度密切相关，其特征是冷芯气旋涡和在风影响下上升的冷水池。结果表明，这些过程会影响海湾溪流的蜿蜒，并在很大程度上控制上升流，通常较凉爽和生产力更高的沿海水域的近海出口。在为期8年（2010-2017年）的过程中，高分辨率模拟与大量观测数据一起用于描述CubAN的演变及其对墨西哥湾流的变化以及相关的海岸到近海相互作用的贡献。