Melissa officinalis L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant traditionally used in Morocco to treat a weave range of illness. The aim of our study was to evaluate cytotoxic activity of Moroccan Melissa officinalis leaf extracts against three human cancer cell lines, namely, MCF7, LNCAP and PC3 and to reevaluate its phytochemicals. The dichloromethane extract was found to be the most active cytotoxic extract, decreasing cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, especially against the breast MCF7 cell line. The IC50 values for the dichloromethane extract against MCF7, LNCAP, and PC3 cell lines were 30.90, 71.21, and 173.93 μg/mL respectively whereas the corresponding IC50 values for the ethanol extract were 35.52, 136.40, and 237.82 μg/mL. An update of the chemical profiles of these organic extracts was conducted by GC-MS, HPLC, and HPLC-ESI-MS, and the quantity of total polyphenolic compounds (on a dry weight basis) was 61.84 g/kg and 2.86 g/kg in the ethanol and dichloromethane extracts, respectively. The major polyphenolic compounds identified in the ethanol extract were 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (I), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (II), caffeic acid (III), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IV), rosmarinic acid glucoside (V), methyl caffeate (VI), rosmarinic acid (VII), isolithospermic acid (VIII), methyl rosmarinate (IX), lithospermic acid (X), methyl isolithospermic acid (XI), and methyl lithospermic acid (XII). Of these, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (I), isolithospermic acid along with its methyl ester derivative are reported in Melissa officinalis leaves extract for the first time. In addition, o-tyrosol (XIII), methyl hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (XIV), and cis-rosmarinic acid (XV) were also detected in the DCM extracts. In the n-hexane extracts LCFA (palmitic, linolenic, linoleic, and stearic acids), sterols (campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol), and the vitamins (α- and β-tocopherol) were detected and identified. These results indicated that Melissa officinalis L extracts possess a potent cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines and the richness of this herb in bioactive molecules justifying its use in traditional Moroccan pharmacopeia.

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摩洛哥蜜蜂花叶提取物的细胞毒性活性及其植物成分的HPLC-ESI-MS分析

蜜蜂花（Melissa officinalis L.）是传统上在摩洛哥用于治疗各种疾病的药用和芳香植物。我们研究的目的是评估摩洛哥蜜蜂花叶提取物对三种人类癌细胞系MCF7，LNCAP和PC3的细胞毒活性，并重新评估其植物化学物质。发现二氯甲烷提取物是最具活性的细胞毒性提取物，以剂量依赖的方式降低细胞活力，尤其是针对乳腺MCF7细胞系。二氯甲烷提取物对MCF7，LNCAP和PC3细胞系的IC50值分别为30.90、71.21和173.93μg/ mL，而乙醇提取物的相应IC50值为35.52、136.40和237.82μg/ mL。通过GC-MS，HPLC和HPLC-ESI-MS对这些有机提取物的化学特征进行了更新，乙醇和二氯甲烷提取物中的多酚化合物总量（以干重计）分别为61.84 g / kg和2.86 g / kg。乙醇提取物中鉴定出的主要多酚化合物为3,4-二羟基苯基乳酸（I），3,4-二羟基苯甲酸（II），咖啡酸（III），木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷（IV），迷迭香酸葡糖苷（V），咖啡酸甲酯（VI），迷迭香酸（VII），异豆精酸（VIII），迷迭香酸甲酯（IX），紫精酸（X），甲基异紫精酸（XI）和甲基紫精酸（XII）。其中，首次报道了Melissa officinalis叶子提取物中的3,4-二羟基苯基乳酸（I），异精子酸及其甲酯衍生物。此外，邻酪醇（XIII），甲基羟苯基乙酸（XIV），在DCM提取物中也检测到了顺式迷迭香酸（XV）。在正己烷提取物中，检测并鉴定出LCFA（棕榈酸，亚麻酸，亚油酸和硬脂酸），固醇（菜油甾醇，β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇）和维生素（α-和β-生育酚）。这些结果表明，蜜蜂花提取物对人癌细胞具有有效的细胞毒性作用，并且这种草药在生物活性分子中的丰富性证明了其在传统的摩洛哥药典中的应用。