In this study, the energy absorption capacity of a front body of a bus during a frontal crash was investigated. The strength of the bus structure was examined by considering the ECE-R29 European regulation requirements. The nonlinear explicit finite element code LS-DYNA was used for the crash analyses. First, the baseline bus structures without any improvements were analyzed and the weak parts of the front end structure of the bus body were examined. Experimental tests are conducted to validate the finite element model. In the second stage, the bus structure was redesigned in order to strengthen the frontal body. Finally, the redesigned bus structure was compared with the baseline model to meet the requirements for ECE-R29. In addition to the redesign performed on the body, energy absorption capacity was increased by additional energy absorbers employed in the front of bus structure. This study experimentally and numerically investigated the energy absorption characteristics of a steering wheel armature in contact with a deformable mannequin during a crash. Variations in the location of impact on the armature, armature orientation, and mannequin were investigated to determine the effects of the energy absorption characteristics of the two contacting entities.

中文翻译：

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正面碰撞条件下城际客车耐撞性评价的实验与数值研究

在这项研究中，研究了正面碰撞过程中公交车前车身的能量吸收能力。通过考虑 ECE-R29 欧洲法规要求来检查总线结构的强度。非线性显式有限元代码 LS-DYNA 用于碰撞分析。首先，对未做任何改进的基准客车结构进行了分析，并对客车车身前端结构的薄弱部位进行了检查。进行实验测试以验证有限元模型。在第二阶段，为了加强前部车身，对巴士结构进行了重新设计。最后，将重新设计的总线结构与基线模型进行比较，以满足 ECE-R29 的要求。除了对车身进行重新设计，通过在公交车结构前部使用额外的能量吸收器提高了能量吸收能力。本研究通过实验和数值研究了在碰撞过程中与可变形人体模型接触的方向盘电枢的能量吸收特性。研究了电枢冲击位置、电枢方向和人体模型的变化，以确定两个接触实体的能量吸收特性的影响。