Objective: This article aims to assess whether individual differences in reward sensitivity can be used to predict which children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will benefit most from behavioral interventions that include reinforcement. Methods: A 12-week behavioral intervention was offered to 21 children with ADHD and their parents. Reward sensitivity was assessed prior to the intervention using a combination of psychological and physiological measures. ADHD symptoms were assessed pre- and posttreatment using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal behavior (SWAN) rating scale. Results: Lower scores on one of the questionnaire scales were associated with greater pre/posttreatment differences in ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: We found that pre/posttreatment change was associated with one measure of parent-rated reward sensitivity. Children with low impulsive negative behavior toward gaining reward improved most during treatment. This result suggests that aspects of reward-related behaviors in ADHD may be useful to predict the effectiveness of treatment.

目标：本文旨在评估奖励敏感性的个体差异是否可用于预测哪些患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童将从包括强化在内的行为干预中受益最大。方法：对 21 名多动症儿童及其父母进行了为期 12 周的行为干预。在干预之前使用心理和生理措施的组合评估奖励敏感性。使用 ADHD 的优势和劣势和正常行为 (SWAN) 评分量表在治疗前和治疗后评估 ADHD 症状。结果：其中一项问卷量表的较低分数与 ADHD 症状的治疗前/治疗后差异较大有关。结论：我们发现治疗前/治疗后的变化与父母评价的奖励敏感性的一种衡量标准有关。获得奖励的冲动性消极行为低的儿童在治疗期间改善最大。这一结果表明，多动症中与奖赏相关的行为可能有助于预测治疗的有效性。