Traditional dietary recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) focus on the quantity of nutrients consumed. Without appropriate dietary counselling, these restrictions can result in a low intake of fruits and vegetables and a lack of diversity in the diet. Plant nutrients and plant-based diets could have beneficial effects in patients with CKD: increased fibre intake shifts the gut microbiota towards reduced production of uraemic toxins; plant fats, particularly olive oil, have anti-atherogenic effects; plant anions might mitigate metabolic acidosis and slow CKD progression; and as plant phosphorus has a lower bioavailability than animal phosphorus, plant-based diets might enable better control of hyperphosphataemia. Current evidence suggests that promoting the adoption of plant-based diets has few risks but potential benefits for the primary prevention of CKD, as well as for delaying progression in patients with CKD G3–5. These diets might also help to manage and prevent some of the symptoms and metabolic complications of CKD. We suggest that restriction of plant foods as a strategy to prevent hyperkalaemia or undernutrition should be individualized to avoid depriving patients with CKD of these potential beneficial effects of plant-based diets. However, research is needed to address knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the relevance and extent of diet-induced hyperkalaemia in patients undergoing dialysis.

针对慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者的传统饮食建议侧重于消耗的营养素。如果没有适当的饮食咨询，这些限制会导致水果和蔬菜的摄入量减少，饮食缺乏多样性。植物营养素和植物性饮食可能会对CKD患者产生有益的影响：增加的纤维摄入会改变肠道菌群，降低尿毒症毒素的产生。植物脂肪，特别是橄榄油具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用；植物阴离子可能减轻代谢性酸中毒并减慢CKD进程；并且由于植物磷的生物利用度低于动物磷，因此以植物为基础的饮食可能会更好地控制高磷血症。目前的证据表明，促进采用植物性饮食几乎没有风险，但对一级预防CKD以及延缓CKD G3-5患者的进展具有潜在的益处。这些饮食也可能有助于控制和预防CKD的某些症状和代谢并发症。我们建议应个体化限制植物性食物作为预防高钾血症或营养不良的策略，以避免使CKD患者丧失基于植物性饮食的这些潜在有益作用。但是，需要进行研究以解决知识空白，特别是在透析患者中​​饮食引起的高钾血症的相关性和程度方面。这些饮食也可能有助于控制和预防CKD的某些症状和代谢并发症。我们建议应个体化限制植物性食物作为预防高钾血症或营养不良的策略，以避免使CKD患者丧失基于植物性饮食的这些潜在有益作用。但是，需要进行研究以解决知识空白，特别是在透析患者中​​饮食引起的高钾血症的相关性和程度方面。这些饮食也可能有助于控制和预防CKD的某些症状和代谢并发症。我们建议应个体化限制植物性食物作为预防高钾血症或营养不良的策略，以避免使CKD患者丧失基于植物性饮食的这些潜在有益作用。但是，需要进行研究以解决知识空白，特别是在透析患者中​​饮食引起的高钾血症的相关性和程度方面。