The Bemisia tabaci complex in Ecuador was studied with respect to phylogenetic relationships and eco‐geographical distribution. Whitefly samples were collected from natural and agricultural environments in nine provinces of Ecuador (latitude, 2° N–5° S; longitude, 78°–81° W). Mitotypes were identified based on phylogenetic analysis of the 3′‐mtCOI‐tRNAleu region (832 bp) and corrected pairwise distance analysis. The distribution of mitotypes was modeled using MaxEnt, and their predicted niches were characterized according to environmental gradients. Four B. tabaci mitotypes were identified, of which three are endemic, herein ECU1–3, and the other is the introduced B mitotype. Mitotypes ECU1 (44%), ECU2 (0.74%), and ECU3 (1.47%) grouped in the American Tropics (AMTROP) species and diverged by as much as 10%, which was higher than previous estimates for the AMTROP clade of 7–8.6%. Although haplotypes of ECU1 and ECU2 are known from the American Tropics, this is the first report of the ECU3 mitotype, which may possibly be restricted to southern Ecuador. The distribution of the three ECU‐endemic mitotypes spanned the high‐altitude niches of the western slope of the Andes, rich in microclimates with variable temperature and humidity conditions. The non‐endemic B mitotype (47%) occurred only in the irrigated cropping systems located in hot and/or dry‐tropical ecological niches. Of the endemic mitotypes, ECU1 occupied the most ecological niches. Among variables contributing to ECU1 and B mitotype niche range assignments, the most significant to influence ecological range was rainfall. The B. tabaci endemic to Ecuador were more diverse with respect to mtCOI‐tRNAleu sequence than previously known, and occupied distinct microclimate niches suggestive of ecological resilience.

中文翻译：

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厄瓜多尔粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Insecta：Aleyrodidae）原型的植物地理分布

研究了厄瓜多尔的烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）复合体的系统发育关系和生态地理分布。粉虱样本是从厄瓜多尔的9个省（北纬2°N-5°；经度78°-81°W）的自然和农业环境中采集的。根据对3'-mt COI - tRNA leu区（832 bp）的系统发育分析和校正的成对距离分析，鉴定了基因型。使用MaxEnt对模型的分布进行建模，并根据环境梯度对它们的预测生态位进行表征。四个烟粉虱鉴定出基因型，其中三种是地方性的，此处为ECU1-3，另一种是引入的B型。在美国热带（AMTROP）物种中分类的ECU1（44％），ECU2（0.74％）和ECU3（1.47％）的线型，相差多达10％，这比先前对AMTROP进化枝7– 8.6％。尽管ECU1和ECU2的单倍型是美国热带地区已知的，但这是ECU3原型的首次报道，它可能仅限于厄瓜多尔南部。三种ECU流行型的分布分布在安第斯山脉西坡的高海拔生态位上，那里的小气候丰富，温度和湿度条件各不相同。非地方性B型（47％）仅发生在热和/或干热带生态位的灌溉系统中。在地方性原型中，ECU1占据了最多的生态位。在影响ECU1和B型生态位范围分配的变量中，影响生态范围最重要的是降雨。的厄瓜多尔特有的烟粉虱在mt COI- tRNA leu序列方面比以前已知的更加多样化，并且占据了表明生态适应力的独特小气候生态位。