Current competency frameworks for practitioners have been derived through expert consensus but lack empirical validation. We examined the stepwise anatomy of competence using the Clinical Psychology Practicum Competencies Rating Scale with items presented in fixed (Dataset I, 195 trainees) and random order (Dataset II, 353 trainees). Cluster analyses of supervisor ratings revealed that fixed-order items yielded clusters that were divided along thematic lines similar to a-priori domains (e.g., intervention, ethics). Random-order items yielded a markedly different set of clusters structured around knowledge, skills, relationship competencies, and meta-competencies. The results offer a novel and insightful conceptualization of the anatomy of competence with critical implications for training and assessment. Further, random presentation of competencies increases item independence and attenuates rater bias.

中文翻译：

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心理学从业者能力剖析：聚类方法揭示了能力的层次结构

当前的从业人员能力框架是通过专家共识得出的，但缺乏经验验证。我们使用临床心理学实习能力评定量表检查了能力的逐步解剖，其中项目以固定（数据集 I，195 名学员）和随机顺序（数据集 II，353 名学员）呈现。主管评级的聚类分析表明，固定顺序项目产生的聚类沿着类似于先验领域的主题线（例如，干预、伦理）进行划分。随机排序的项目产生了一组明显不同的集群，这些集群围绕知识、技能、关系能力和元能力构建。结果提供了一种新颖而有见地的能力解剖概念化，对培训和评估具有重要意义。更远，