In this paper, the adaptability of ERA5 reanalysis data in the Gulf of Aden was validated by the data of shipborne sensors. Based on the reanalysis data, the seasonal distribution of nonreciprocal evaporation duct in the Gulf of Aden was obtained with PJ evaporation duct model. Using the empirical formula of the minimum trapping frequency, the seasonal variation of the minimum trapping frequency required for the formation of nonreciprocal propagation in the Gulf of Aden was analyzed. At the same time, the parabolic equation model was used to simulate the distribution of propagation loss of X-band electromagnetic radiation source along the typical path of the Gulf of Aden in four seasons. The results showed that the seasonal variation of evaporation duct in the Gulf of Aden is significant, and there is the highest EDH(evaporation duct height) in summer. In four seasons, the evaporation duct appears in the form of nonreciprocal distribution in the sea area. In autumn, the evaporation duct height inside and outside the bay is quite different. In summer, the minimum trapping frequency in the bay is the smallest. In autumn, the minimum trapping frequency outside the Gulf of Aden is higher than that in the bay and the difference between the two is great. In winter, the two are relatively close. In RD1(Route Direction 1), the propagation loss of electromagnetic wave in summer is lower than that in other three seasons, followed by winter. In spring and autumn, the electromagnetic wave propagation loss is larger than that in the other two seasons. In the different propagation directions of the same path, if the height distribution of the evaporation duct on the path is symmetric, the less the distance between the electromagnetic radiation source and the high-EDH distribution is, the lower the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave is. The greater the height difference on the path is, the more obvious the propagation loss difference between the two propagation directions is. If the height difference on the path is small, the propagation loss difference in the two propagation directions is also small.

本文通过舰载传感器数据验证了ERA5再分析数据在亚丁湾的适应性。根据再分析数据，利用PJ蒸发管模型获得了亚丁湾不可逆蒸发管的季节分布。使用最小捕获频率的经验公式，分析了在亚丁湾形成不可逆传播所需的最小捕获频率的季节性变化。同时，利用抛物线方程模型模拟了X波段电磁辐射源沿亚丁湾典型路径四个季节的传播损耗分布。结果表明，亚丁湾蒸发管的季节变化显着，夏季EDH（蒸发管高度）最高。在四个季节中，蒸发管以不可逆的形式出现在海域。在秋天，海湾内外的蒸发管高度差异很大。夏季，海湾中的最小诱捕频率最小。在秋天，亚丁湾以外的最小诱捕频率高于海湾，并且两者之间的差异很大。在冬季，两者相对较近。在RD1（路径方向1），夏季电磁波的传播损耗低于其他三个季节，其次是冬季。在春季和秋季，电磁波的传播损失要比其他两个季节要大。在同一路径的不同传播方向上，如果蒸发路径上的蒸发导管的高度分布是对称的，则电磁辐射源与高EDH分布之间的距离越小，电磁波的传播损耗就越小。路径上的高度差越大，两个传播方向之间的传播损耗差越明显。如果路径上的高度差很小，则两个传播方向上的传播损耗差也很小。