Abstract Arsenic concentrations in soil and water were examined at the European level via a literature review and data inventory in the first phase of the AgriAs European Water JPI project. Arsenic in soil can be derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources. At the European scale, the distribution of arsenic in agricultural topsoil can mostly be explained by geology. In the next step, the AgriAs project investigated arsenic concentrations in soil and water in two regions: Saxony in Germany and Verdun in France. The results were compared with arsenic data from a geogenic arsenic region around the city of Tampere in Finland. In Saxony, arsenic is partly natural and partly derived from the widespread mining and ore processing activities in the area that have lasted for centuries. Areas contaminated with As were found to cover 970 km2 in Saxony. The soil baseline for As is only 20–40 mg/kg but the highest concentrations in soil are up to 5000 mg/kg. The large number of investigations in Saxony has given a possibility to evaluate As transfer into plants, fodder and food and to develop guidelines for farmers. In Verdun, arsenic is derived from a former chemical ammunition destruction facility that operated in the interwar period. Today, there are hot spots of As in topsoil with concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 mg/kg, while the baseline concentration in soil is 18 mg/kg. In the Tampere region, baseline concentrations of As in glacial till forest soils are relatively high (30 mg/kg) over an area of 7400 km2, with hot spots of 1050 mg/kg in topsoil. However, agricultural soils contain clearly lower As concentrations. In all three regions, As concentrations in surface waters and in groundwater were found to be relatively low, and the As concentration in topsoil could not be linked to irrigation with As-containing water. Fortunately, As transfer from soil into plants via root systems is generally low in aerated soil, but As-containing dust can affect fodder plants. Especially in the Freiberg area of Saxony, As is usually associated with Cd contamination in topsoil, and guidelines for farmers based on Cd concentrations are also a good risk management method for As.

中文翻译：

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德国和法国在人为压力下农业生态系统中的砷与芬兰地质成因地区的比较

摘要 通过 AgriAs 欧洲水 JPI 项目第一阶段的文献综述和数据清单，在欧洲层面检查了土壤和水中的砷浓度。土壤中的砷可以来自自然和人为来源。在欧洲范围内，农业表土中砷的分布主要可以用地质学来解释。下一步，AgriAs 项目调查了两个地区土壤和水中的砷浓度：德国的萨克森州和法国的凡尔登。将结果与芬兰坦佩雷市周围地质成因地区的砷数据进行了比较。在萨克森州，砷部分来源于天然，部分来源于该地区持续了几个世纪的广泛的采矿和矿石加工活动。在萨克森州，被砷污染的地区面积达 970 平方公里。As 的土壤基线仅为 20–40 mg/kg，但土壤中的最高浓度高达 5000 mg/kg。萨克森州的大量调查使评估砷转移到植物、饲料和食物中并为农民制定指导方针成为可能。在凡尔登，砷来自于两次世界大战期间运作的前化学弹药销毁设施。今天，表土中存在砷热点，浓度范围为 100 至 1000 毫克/千克，而土壤中的基线浓度为 18 毫克/千克。在坦佩雷地区，7400 平方公里的冰川耕作林土壤中砷的基线浓度相对较高（30 毫克/千克），表土中的热点为 1050 毫克/千克。然而，农业土壤中砷的浓度明显较低。在所有三个地区，发现地表水和地下水中的砷浓度相对较低，表土中的砷浓度与用含砷水灌溉无关。幸运的是，在通气土壤中，砷通过根系从土壤转移到植物中的量通常较低，但含砷的粉尘会影响饲料植物。特别是在萨克森州的弗莱贝格地区，砷通常与表土中的镉污染有关，基于镉浓度的农民指南也是砷的良好风险管理方法。