Abstract The freshwater tucuxi (Sotalia flluviatilis) and the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) are endemic to the Amazon-Orinoco river basin. Their conservation is hindered by human disturbance and uncertainty about total population size and distribution. In this study, we used rapid assessment questionnaires to identify threats to river dolphins in Peru and to identify priority areas for their further study and conservation. We administered questionnaires to fishers (surveyed 2010 n = 162, 2015 n = 251) and community members (surveyed 2015 only; n = 118) at 12 landing ports of the Peruvian Amazon, asking questions about their knowledge, perception and interactions with river dolphins. Dolphins were observed by interviewed fishers based across all ports except for Aguaytia port, which was subsequently excluded from further analysis. Across the sampled ports in 2010, an average of 86 % of fishers (range: 59–100%; n = 8 ports) associated dolphins with negative economic impacts, largely due to net damage with similar findings in the more extensive survey in 2015 (74%, 27–100%; n = 11 ports). Bycatch of dolphins was also reported in 11 ports, with a higher incidence in the Loreto, where up to 10 bycaught individuals per fisher per year were reported for both time periods. The use of dolphins as bait has been practised from at least 2010 (2010: 31% of fishers, 11–57%; 2015: 31%, 0–63%) and is prevalent (>40%) in four of the surveyed ports (Caballococha, Bagazan, Requena and Manantay). Our study can be used as a first reference to guide monitoring of river dolphin populations in priority areas. Future efforts should revisit and extend this survey to other ports in Peru. Doing so will enable detection of trends in fisheries conflicts with river dolphins and improve the estimation of bycatch and direct take of dolphins in the Peruvian Amazon.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁亚马逊共存：渔业与河豚之间的相互作用

摘要 淡水图库西 (Sotalia flluviatilis) 和亚马逊河豚 (Inia geoffrensis) 是亚马逊-奥里诺科河流域的特有物种。它们的保护受到人类干扰以及总人口规模和分布的不确定性的阻碍。在这项研究中，我们使用快速评估问卷来确定秘鲁河豚面临的威胁，并确定其进一步研究和保护的优先领域。我们在秘鲁亚马逊的 12 个登陆港口向渔民（2010 年调查 n = 162、2015 n = 251）和社区成员（仅 2015 年调查；n = 118）进行问卷调查，询问有关他们的知识、感知和与河豚互动的问题. 除 Aguaytia 港口外，所有港口的受访渔民都观察到了海豚，该港口随后被排除在进一步分析之外。在 2010 年的抽样港口中，平均 86% 的渔民（范围：59-100%；n = 8 个港口）将海豚与负面经济影响联系起来，这主要是由于 2015 年更广泛的调查中的类似发现（ 74%、27–100%；n = 11 个端口）。11 个港口也报告了海豚的误捕，洛雷托的发生率更高，在两个时间段内，每个渔民每年都有多达 10 头被误捕。至少从 2010 年开始使用海豚作为诱饵（2010 年：31% 的渔民，11-57%；2015 年：31%，0-63%）并且在四个接受调查的港口普遍（>40%） （Caballococha、Bagazan、Requena 和 Manantay）。我们的研究可以作为指导重点地区河豚种群监测的第一参考。未来的努力应该重新审视并将这项调查扩展到秘鲁的其他港口。