It is well established that change in temperature perturbs fluid properties, therefore present study analyzes MHD peristalsis of nanofluids with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. Four different nanoparticles i.e. Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Iron oxide () and Copper (Cu) are used in the analysis. Joule heating with mixed convection is also taken into consideration. Modifications to the famous Maxwell's and Hamilton-Crosser's thermal conductivity models are proposed by incorporating the effects of temperature. Arising nonlinear system is solved numerically using the built-in package NDSolve in Mathematica under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Results are displayed through graphs and tables to facilitate the physical analysis. It is noted that temperature dependence of viscosity and thermal conductivity alter the results. It is deduced that heat transfer rate can be improved by addition of iron oxide nanoparticles. Comparison for various nanoparticles and thermal conductivity models is also presented. It is noticed that the Maxwell's model shows enhancement in the results of velocity, temperature and heat transfer rate. Also, iron oxide nanoparticles provide better rate of heat transport at boundary as compared to other nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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Au、Ag、Fe3O4、Cu 纳米粒子的温度依赖性特性在纳米流体蠕动中的有效性


众所周知，温度变化会扰乱流体特性，因此本研究分析了具有温度依赖性粘度和导热率的纳米流体的 MHD 蠕动。分析中使用了四种不同的纳米颗粒，即金 (Au)、银 (Ag)、氧化铁 () 和铜 (Cu)。还考虑了混合对流的焦耳加热。通过纳入温度的影响，提出了对著名的麦克斯韦和汉密尔顿-克罗瑟热导率模型的修改。在长波长和低雷诺数的假设下，使用 Mathematica 中的内置软件包 NDSolve 对产生的非线性系统进行数值求解。结果通过图形和表格显示，以方便物理分析。值得注意的是，粘度和热导率的温度依赖性会改变结果。推测添加氧化铁纳米颗粒可以提高传热速率。还提供了各种纳米粒子和导热率模型的比较。值得注意的是，麦克斯韦模型显示了速度、温度和传热速率结果的增强。此外，与其他纳米颗粒相比，氧化铁纳米颗粒在边界处提供更好的热传输速率。