Efflorescent nanophases (NPs) are found as a transitory accumulation of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs), particularly in tropical climates. The central objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of PHEs with NPs through the evaporative formation structures (EFS) of enormously PHEs-rich coal-mine drainages (CMD). The EFS were studied in natural coal mine drainage for five months in order to determine their geochemical and ecological structures and to assess their position in the reduction of PHEs in nature. The largest coal-fired power plant in South America, located in south Brazil, is used as an example of such a problem. In this work, a novel methodology for the analysis of PHEs in CMD precipitates is proposed for this affected coal area. The analytical method, combining X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and advanced electron microscopies, shows the importance of nanomineralogy in understanding different circumstances of coal contamination. Several ultrafine-nanoparticles (UNPs) were identified in the sampled soils and river sediments together with the PHEs. A decrease in PHEs was identified in association with UNPs. However, further investigations are required with regard to the mobility of PHEs in water, atmosphere, soils, and sediments. The EPS was thoroughly studied, acquiring suitable understanding with investigational facts for Ca and Fe-sulphates, pickeringite, and several amorphous phases.

花序纳米相（NPs）被发现为潜在有害元素（PHE）的短暂积累，特别是在热带气候中。这项研究的主要目的是通过大量富PHE的煤矿排水系统（CMD）的蒸发形成结构（EFS）研究带有NP的PHE的分布。对EFS在天然煤矿排水系统中进行了五个月的研究，以确定其地球化学和生态结构，并评估其在自然界中减少PHE的位置。南美最大的燃煤电厂位于巴西南部，就是一个例子。在这项工作中，针对该受影响的煤区，提出了一种用于分析CMD沉淀物中的PHE的新方法。分析方法 X射线衍射（XRD）和先进的电子显微镜相结合，显示了纳米矿物学在理解煤污染的不同情况中的重要性。在采样的土壤和河流沉积物中以及PHE中鉴定出了几种超细纳米颗粒（UNPs）。与UNP一起发现PHE减少了。但是，需要进一步研究PHE在水，大气，土壤和沉积物中的迁移率。对EPS进行了彻底的研究，并获得了有关硫酸钙和硫酸铁，钙镁矿和几种非晶相的调查事实的适当理解。在采样的土壤和河流沉积物中以及PHE中鉴定出了几种超细纳米颗粒（UNPs）。与UNP一起发现PHE减少了。但是，需要进一步研究PHE在水，大气，土壤和沉积物中的迁移率。对EPS进行了彻底的研究，并获得了有关硫酸钙和硫酸铁，钙镁矿和几种非晶相的调查事实的适当理解。在采样的土壤和河流沉积物中以及PHE中鉴定出了几种超细纳米颗粒（UNPs）。与UNP一起发现PHE减少了。但是，需要进一步研究PHE在水，大气，土壤和沉积物中的迁移率。对EPS进行了彻底的研究，并获得了有关硫酸钙和硫酸铁，钙镁矿和几种非晶相的调查事实的适当理解。