Atlantic salmon is an anadromous species migrating from upper-reach nursery areas in rivers to the oceanic feeding areas at smolt stage and inversely at adult stage requiring unimpeded migration routes. However, dams associated with hydroelectric power plants (HPP) disrupt river connectivity and affect fish movement and survival. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the short and mid-term physiological and immune response of Atlantic salmon smolts after passing through Andenne HPP (Meuse River, Belgium). Several parameters were studied after an in situ deliberate passage including direct mortality and external damages, stress and immune biomarkers as plasma cortisol and glucose levels, complement and peroxidase activities, and immune and oxidative stress related gene expression 24 h, 72 h and 120 h after passage. Survival rate was lower and external damages were more important in fish that confronted the HPP compared to the control ones. Moreover, the passage through the turbine affected plasma glucose levels, complement and peroxidase activities and the expression of some immune genes such as lysg, igm and mpo in a timely manner suggesting that this passage can lead to a great energy expenditure and a disruption of innate immunity. Our observations can partially explain the delayed mortality observed in many studies leading to a poor success of restocking programs. HPPs not only have a direct impact in terms of mortalities and injuries but also an indirect one in terms of physiological and immune changes that can compromise Atlantic salmon smolts ability to escape successfully to the ocean.

大西洋鲑是一种无习性物种，在软体动物阶段从河流的上层苗圃区域迁移到海洋取食区域，成年阶段则相反，需要不受阻碍的迁移路线。但是，与水力发电厂（HPP）相关的水坝破坏了河流的连通性并影响了鱼类的活动和生存。本研究的目的是评估大西洋鲑鱼在通过安德纳HPP（比利时默兹河）后的短期和中期生理和免疫反应。原位研究几个参数故意传代包括直接死亡率和外部损害，传代后24 h，72 h和120 h的应激和免疫生物标记物（如血浆皮质醇和葡萄糖水平，补体和过氧化物酶活性以及免疫和氧化应激相关基因的表达）。与对照相比，面对HPP的鱼的存活率较低，外部损害更为重要。另外，通过涡轮机的影响血浆葡萄糖水平的通道，补体和过氧化物酶活动和一些免疫基因，如表达lysg，IgM抗体和MPO及时表明这种传代会导致大量的能量消耗和先天免疫力的破坏。我们的观察结果可以部分解释许多研究中观察到的延迟死亡率，从而导致补货计划的成功率很低。HPP不仅对死亡率和伤害有直接影响，而且在生理和免疫变化方面也有间接影响，这可能会损害大西洋鲑鱼的鲑鱼成功逃逸到海洋的能力。