Leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) is an inflammatory lipid mediator produced from arachidonic acid by multiple reactions catalyzed by two enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and LTA₄ hydrolase (LTA₄H). The two receptors for LTB₄ have been identified: a high-affinity receptor, BLT1, and a low-affinity receptor, BLT2. Our group identified 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) as a high-affinity BLT2 ligand. Numerous studies have revealed critical roles for LTB₄ and its receptors in various systemic diseases. Recently, we also reported the roles of LTB₄, BLT1 and BLT2 in the murine ophthalmic disease models of mice including cornea wound, allergic conjunctivitis, and age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, other groups revealed the evidence of the ocular function of LTB₄. In the present review, we introduce the roles of LTB₄ and its receptors both in ophthalmic diseases and systemic inflammatory diseases. LTB₄ and its receptors are putative novel therapeutic targets for systemic and ophthalmic diseases.

白三烯B ₄（LTB ₄）是由花生四烯酸通过两种酶5-脂氧合酶（5-LOX）和LTA ₄水解酶（LTA ₄ H）催化的多种反应产生的炎性脂质介质。已经确定了LTB ₄的两个受体：高亲和力受体BLT1和低亲和力受体BLT2。我们的研究小组确定了12（S）-羟基-5Z，8E，10E-十七碳三烯酸（12-HHT）是高亲和力的BLT2配体。大量研究表明，LTB ₄及其受体在各种系统性疾病中起着关键作用。最近，我们还报告了LTB ₄的作用，小鼠BLT1和BLT2在小鼠的眼科疾病模型中，包括角膜伤口，过敏性结膜炎和与年龄有关的黄斑变性。此外，其他组揭示了LTB ₄的眼功能的证据。在本综述中，我们介绍了LTB ₄及其受体在眼科疾病和全身性炎症性疾病中的作用。LTB ₄及其受体是系统性和眼科疾病的新型治疗靶标。