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Effects of nutrient addition on degraded alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A meta-analysis
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106970
Dangjun Wang , Huakun Zhou , Buqing Yao , Wenying Wang , Shikui Dong , Zhanhuan Shang , Yandi She , Li Ma , Xiaotao Huang , Zhonghua Zhang , Qian Zhang , Fengyu Zhao , Juan Zuo , Zhun Mao

Abstract Climate warming and human disturbance are supposed to have severely affected the alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), a region where the extremely harsh and fragile ecological environment has attracted great attention because of its sensitivity to global change. However, there is still no unified understanding of the degree and magnitude of grassland degradation and the effectiveness of nutrient addition in this vast landscape, since most previous studies have focused on short-term observations at a single site. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 145 published studies on degraded alpine grassland along with 90 published studies, which concerning nutrient addition (nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], and combined N and P [NP]) to quantitatively assess the responses of plant and soil characteristics to land degradation and restoration. Our results revealed that the response ratio (RR) of above-ground biomass (AGB), below-ground biomass (BGB), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil total N (TN) decreased significantly (−47.23 %, −43.45 %, −32.35 %, and −37.97 %, respectively) in degraded grassland compared with non-degraded grassland. The RR of AGB was correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), while the RR of BGB was correlated with the interaction of MAP and mean annual temperature (MAT). Severely degraded grassland required additional nutrients to aid recovery. NP addition to severely degraded sites increased plant AGB (+32.44 %), TN (+10.99 %), soil total P (+32.25 %), and soil moisture (+9.21 %), but significantly decreased species richness (−45.46 %), diversity (−30.40 % for Shannon−Wiener index) and soil pH (−3.91 %). N addition increased the RR of AGB and grass biomass significantly by 28.77 % and 36.49 %, but had no significant effect on sedge and forb biomass. MAP influenced the RR of AGB, TN, TP under NP addition, the RR of BGB and the AGB of different function groups were significantly affected by MAT. We evidenced that the QTP has endured severe vegetation and soil degradation, which cannot be completely mitigated by supplementary fertilisation. Fertilisation could yield positive effects on plant performance and soil quality, but negative effects on biodiversity. Climate warming and associated precipitation change may regulate the effects of fertiliser on plant biomass and soil nutrients.

中文翻译:

添加养分对青藏高原退化高寒草地影响的荟萃分析

摘要 气候变暖和人为干扰严重影响了青藏高原的高寒草原,该地区极其恶劣和脆弱的生态环境因其对全球变化的敏感性而备受关注。然而,对于草原退化的程度和程度以及在这片广阔景观中添加养分的有效性,仍然没有统一的理解,因为以前的大多数研究都集中在单一地点的短期观察上。在这里,我们对 145 项已发表的关于退化高山草地的研究以及 90 项已发表的研究进行了荟萃分析,这些研究涉及养分添加(氮 [N]、磷 [P]、并结合 N 和 P [NP]) 来定量评估植物和土壤特征对土地退化和恢复的响应。我们的研究结果表明,地上生物量 (AGB)、地下生物量 (BGB)、土壤有机碳 (SOC) 和土壤全氮 (TN) 的响应比 (RR) 显着降低 (-47.23 %, -43.45 %、-32.35 % 和 -37.97 %)在退化草地与未退化草地相比。AGB的RR与年平均降水量(MAP)相关,而BGB的RR与MAP和年平均气温(MAT)的交互作用相关。严重退化的草地需要额外的养分来帮助恢复。向严重退化地点添加 NP 增加了植物 AGB (+32.44 %)、TN (+10.99 %)、土壤总磷 (+32.25 %) 和土壤水分 (+9.21 %),但显着降低了物种丰富度(-45.46 %)、多样性(香农-维纳指数为-30.40 %)和土壤 pH 值(-3.91 %)。N添加使AGB和草生物量的RR显着增加了28.77%和36.49%,但对莎草和杂草生物量没有显着影响。MAP影响NP添加下AGB、TN、TP的RR,BGB的RR和不同功能组的AGB受MAT的影响显着。我们证明,青藏高原经历了严重的植被和土壤退化,补充施肥无法完全缓解这种情况。施肥会对植物性能和土壤质量产生积极影响,但对生物多样性产生负面影响。气候变暖和相关的降水变化可能会调节肥料对植物生物量和土壤养分的影响。香农-维纳指数为 40 %)和土壤 pH 值(-3.91 %)。N添加使AGB和草生物量的RR显着增加了28.77%和36.49%,但对莎草和杂草生物量没有显着影响。MAP影响NP添加下AGB、TN、TP的RR,BGB的RR和不同功能组的AGB受MAT的影响显着。我们证明青藏高原经历了严重的植被和土壤退化,补充施肥无法完全缓解这种情况。施肥可以对植物性能和土壤质量产生积极影响,但对生物多样性产生负面影响。气候变暖和相关的降水变化可能会调节肥料对植物生物量和土壤养分的影响。香农-维纳指数为 40 %)和土壤 pH 值(-3.91 %)。N添加使AGB和草生物量的RR显着增加了28.77%和36.49%,但对莎草和杂草生物量没有显着影响。MAP影响NP添加下AGB、TN、TP的RR,BGB的RR和不同功能组的AGB受MAT的影响显着。我们证明,青藏高原经历了严重的植被和土壤退化,补充施肥无法完全缓解这种情况。施肥可以对植物性能和土壤质量产生积极影响,但对生物多样性产生负面影响。气候变暖和相关的降水变化可能会调节肥料对植物生物量和土壤养分的影响。77 % 和 36.49 %,但对莎草和杂草生物量没有显着影响。MAP影响NP添加下AGB、TN、TP的RR,BGB的RR和不同功能组的AGB受MAT的影响显着。我们证明,青藏高原经历了严重的植被和土壤退化,补充施肥无法完全缓解这种情况。施肥会对植物性能和土壤质量产生积极影响,但对生物多样性产生负面影响。气候变暖和相关的降水变化可能会调节肥料对植物生物量和土壤养分的影响。77 % 和 36.49 %,但对莎草和杂草生物量没有显着影响。MAP影响NP添加下AGB、TN、TP的RR,BGB的RR和不同功能组的AGB受MAT的影响显着。我们证明,青藏高原经历了严重的植被和土壤退化,补充施肥无法完全缓解这种情况。施肥可以对植物性能和土壤质量产生积极影响,但对生物多样性产生负面影响。气候变暖和相关的降水变化可能会调节肥料对植物生物量和土壤养分的影响。我们证明,青藏高原经历了严重的植被和土壤退化,补充施肥无法完全缓解这种情况。施肥可以对植物性能和土壤质量产生积极影响,但对生物多样性产生负面影响。气候变暖和相关的降水变化可能会调节肥料对植物生物量和土壤养分的影响。我们证明,青藏高原经历了严重的植被和土壤退化,补充施肥无法完全缓解这种情况。施肥可以对植物性能和土壤质量产生积极影响,但对生物多样性产生负面影响。气候变暖和相关的降水变化可能会调节肥料对植物生物量和土壤养分的影响。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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