Abstract The concept of groundwater vulnerability is used in groundwater management and risk assessment. Among the parameters contributing to groundwater vulnerability are: depth to groundwater; net recharge rate; aquifer media; topography; vadose zone; hydraulic conductivity; aquifer thickness; and, pumping density rate in case of over-pumping. Groundwater is considered an important water resource in Egypt. Hence, this valuable source should be evaluated against its vulnerability to all possible pollution risks. In this research, three areas are selected and representing different aquifer types with different hydrogeological characteristics. The first area is Al-Minia governorate to represent the Nile valley region, which is underlain by the Nile valley aquifer. The second area is Wadi Al-Natrun to represent the Nile Delta fringes region, which is underlain by Moghra aquifer. The last area is El Kharga Oasis to represent Western desert region, which is underlain by Nubian Sandstone aquifer. A groundwater vulnerability maps for the three regions are produced using Microsoft Excel, Golden Software Surfer 12 and the analytical hierarchy process method (AHP) for rating and weighting the contributing eight parameters. The main outcome of this research is the vulnerability classification for each region supported by the corresponding vulnerability map. The study indicated that the highest weight is assigned to the depth to groundwater and soil media parameters while the lowest weight was assigned to the topography factor. The results indicated that, for Al-Minia study area, about 85% of the aquifer is classified as medium vulnerability and about 11% is low to medium and 4% is medium to high. For Wadi Al-Natrun study area, about 67% of the aquifer is classified as medium vulnerability and about 3.3% is low to medium and 28.7% is medium to high. For El Kharga Oasis study area, about 48.8% of the aquifer is classified as medium vulnerability and about 51.5% is low to medium.

中文翻译：

---

不同类型含水层的地下水脆弱性评估

摘要 地下水脆弱性的概念用于地下水管理和风险评估。影响地下水脆弱性的参数包括：地下水深度；净充值率；含水层介质；地形; 包气带；水力传导率；含水层厚度；和，在过度泵送的情况下的泵送密度率。地下水被认为是埃及的重要水资源。因此，应该根据其对所有可能的污染风险的脆弱性来评估这一宝贵的来源。在这项研究中，选择了三个区域，代表具有不同水文地质特征的不同含水层类型。第一个区域是 Al-Minia 省，代表尼罗河流域地区，该地区位于尼罗河流域含水层之下。第二个区域是 Wadi Al-Natrun，代表尼罗河三角洲边缘地区，它位于 Moghra 含水层之下。最后一个区域是El Kharga Oasis，代表西部沙漠地区，其下方为努比亚砂岩含水层。这三个地区的地下水脆弱性地图是使用 Microsoft Excel、Golden Software Surfer 12 和层次分析法 (AHP) 制作的，用于对八个贡献参数进行评级和加权。本研究的主要成果是对应脆弱性地图支持的每个区域的脆弱性分类。研究表明，最高权重分配给地下水和土壤介质参数的深度，而最低权重分配给地形因素。结果表明，对于 Al-Minia 研究区，约 85% 的含水层被列为中等脆弱性，约 11% 为低至中，4% 为中至高。对于 Wadi Al-Natrun 研究区，约 67% 的含水层被归类为中等脆弱性，约 3.3% 为低至中，28.7% 为中至高。对于 El Kharga Oasis 研究区，约 48.8% 的含水层被归类为中等脆弱性，约 51.5% 为低至中等。