This paper demonstrates a methodology for flexible, dynamic systems modelling relevant to urban rail decarbonisation. Decarbonisation of urban rail is a vital component of policy and strategy to minimize anthropogenic emissions. Decarbonisation is a systems problem, however, that needs to reflect the interaction between components and processes. Dynamic computer modelling of systems for decarbonisation involves interfacing multiple models together and running them in parallel in order to observe and predict systems-level effects. This is challenging due to the diverse nature of models, achieving parallel model integration and concerns around intellectual property (IP). One solution is the multi-modelling paradigm, which supports integrated, diverse, secure interfacing of models. This paper demonstrates the application of the multi-modelling approach, using the INTO-CPS tool chain. A multi-model was developed comprising key components required for urban rail decarbonisation problems. This multi-model was tested for power consumption in four different scenarios with an example drawn from the Tyne and Wear Metro in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the United Kingdom. These scenarios compared combinations of decarbonisation intervention (baseline rolling stock versus lightweight, regenerative braking rolling stock and baseline driving style versus energy-efficient defensive driving style), generating different power consumption profiles for each. As such, this serves as a proof of the application of the multi-modelling approach and demonstrates a number of benefits for flexible and rapid systems modelling. This paper fills a knowledge gap by demonstrating a potentially valuable tool for future systems-level decarbonisation challenges in urban rail.

中文翻译：

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城市轨道交通脱碳的多模型

本文演示了一种与城市轨道交通脱碳相关的灵活，动态的系统建模方法。城市轨道交通脱碳是减少人为排放的政策和战略的重要组成部分。脱碳是一个系统问题，但是需要反映组件和过程之间的相互作用。用于脱碳系统的动态计算机建模涉及将多个模型连接在一起并并行运行它们，以便观察和预测系统级的影响。由于模型的多样性，实现并行模型集成以及对知识产权（IP）的关注，这具有挑战性。一种解决方案是多建模范例，它支持集成，多样化，安全的模型接口。本文使用INTO-CPS工具链演示了多建模方法的应用。开发了一个包含城市轨道脱碳问题所需的关键组件的多模型。以英国泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的泰恩威尔地铁为例，对这种多模型在四种不同情况下的功耗进行了测试。这些方案比较了脱碳干预措施的组合（基准机车车辆与轻型，再生制动机车车辆以及基准驾驶方式与节能防御驾驶方式），为每种方式生成不同的功耗曲线。因此，这证明了多建模方法的应用，并展示了灵活而快速的系统建模的许多好处。