Among novel nanostructured materials, transition metal chalcogenides (i.e., sulfides and selenides) emerged as promising candidates due to their unique electrochemical properties. The following study presents a facile synthesis approach of Bi₂S₃ nanostructures using solvent mixtures of ethanol and water with different volume ratios and ammonium sulfide as a sulfur precursor. The resultant bismuth sulfides were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption at 77 K. The adjustment of the solvent mixture revealed the possibility of customizing the crystalline structure from amorphous to fully crystalline, as well as the morphology of the Bi₂S₃, which subsequently influenced on their electrochemical properties. Bi₂S₃ synthesized in a solvent mixture of ethanol-to-water volume ratio 1:2 (Bi₂S₃-EW12) exhibited almost fully crystalline structure and nanoplatelet-like morphology, which translated to the best electrochemical performance. Bi₂S₃-EW12 achieved specific capacity of 748 C g⁻¹ in an aqueous 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH electrolyte and maintained the highest capacity value at a large current density of 20 A g⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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使用各种溶剂混合物量身定制纳米结构Bi 2 S 3的形态，晶体结构和电化学性质

在新型纳米结构材料中，过渡金属硫族化物（即硫化物和硒化物）因其独特的电化学性能而成为有前途的候选物。以下研究提出了一种使用不同体积比的乙醇和水的溶剂混合物以及硫化铵作为硫前体的Bi ₂ S ₃纳米结构的简便合成方法。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜，X射线衍射，X射线光电子能谱和在77 K下的氮吸附来表征所得的硫化铋。溶剂混合物的调节表明，可以将晶体结构从无定形变为完全定制晶体以及Bi ₂ S ₃的形态，随后对其电化学性能产生影响。的Bi ₂小号₃在乙醇与水的体积比1的混合溶剂来合成：2的（Bi ₂小号₃ -EW12）表现出几乎完全结晶的结构和纳米片状形态，其翻译成最佳的电化学性能。Bi ₂ S ₃ -EW12在6 mol L ^-1 KOH水溶液中的比容量达到748 C g ^-1，并在20 A g ^-1的大电流密度下保持最高容量值。