Experimental evidence shows that the strength of granular soils is significantly influenced by inherent cross anisotropy which cannot be properly described by isotropic failure criteria. This paper reviewed laboratory test results of various sands at different fabric directions. Based on the observations, this paper formulates the hypothesis that deposit plane creates a plane of weakness and the anisotropic strength of sands depends on orientations of deposit plane and failure plane. The strength decreases when orientations of deposit plane and failure plane are close to each other, and the strength increase when they diverge from each other. Then, an anisotropic failure criterion is developed based on this hypothesis and validated by available experimental data from literature. Remarkable agreements between predictions and measurements have been observed, which demonstrate validity, effectiveness, and robustness of new criterion in characterizing anisotropic strength of sands with variations of loading directions and intermediate principal stresses.

中文翻译：

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表征粒状土各向异性强度的简化方法

实验证据表明，粒状土的强度受到固有的各向异性的影响，而各向异性不能用各向同性破坏准则来恰当地描述。本文回顾了在不同织物方向上各种沙子的实验室测试结果。在此基础上，本文提出了这样的假设：沉积平面形成了一个弱化平面，而砂土的各向异性强度取决于沉积平面和破坏平面的方向。当沉积平面和破坏平面的方向彼此接近时，强度降低，而当它们彼此分离时，强度增加。然后，基于该假设制定了各向异性破坏准则，并通过文献中的可用实验数据进行了验证。