The principles of fracture development during underwater blasting are examined based on explosion and impact dynamics, fluid dynamics, fracture dynamics, and field testing. The research reveals that the fracturing of the surrounding rock during underwater blasting is due to the combined action of shock and stress waves for the initial rock breakage and subsequent water expansion. The fracture development model for the surrounding rock of a drilling hole during underwater blasting is established. The rock fracturing range under the combined action of shock and stress waves is developed, as well as the fracture propagation rules after the wedging of the water medium into the fractures. Finally, the results of deep-hole underwater blasting tests on large rocks confirm the efficient utilization of explosive in the hole to improve the safety conditions. Accordingly, safe and static rock breaking under the detonation of high-effect explosive can be achieved. In addition, super-dynamic loading from the explosions and static loading from the water medium in the hole can be adequately combined for rock breaking.

根据爆炸和冲击动力学，流体动力学，断裂动力学和现场测试，研究了水下爆破过程中裂缝发展的原理。研究表明，水下爆破过程中围岩的破裂是由于冲击波和应力波在初始岩石破裂和随后的水膨胀中的共同作用所致。建立了水下爆破过程中钻孔围岩的裂缝发育模型。提出了在冲击波和应力波共同作用下的岩石破裂范围，以及水介质楔入裂缝后裂缝的扩展规律。最后，在大岩石上进行深孔水下爆破试验的结果证实了在孔中有效利用炸药以改善安全状况。因此，可以实现在高效炸药爆炸下的安全而静态的岩石破碎。此外，爆炸中的超动态载荷和孔中水介质的静态载荷可以适当地组合起来，以进行岩石破碎。