Global decarbonization efforts, along with domestic pressures to diversify the economy, have created challenges and opportunities for the Qatari energy system. The government is focused on diversifying the national economy away from hydrocarbons, encouraging sustainable use of resources, and ensuring the security of food, energy, and water systems. Our optimization framework allows policymakers to apply a systems approach to the overall energy infrastructure in Qatar, covering a range of sectors such as industry, residential infrastructure, transportation, and agriculture. Our aims are two-fold: first, to develop an open-source tool that can be used for national-level planning and policymaking, and second to use this tool to generate key technology and policy insights that can aid the transition of Qatari energy infrastructure in the long term. Our results provide a blueprint for a cross-sectoral energy transformation: from greater use of low-carbon transport such as electric cars and public transit, to grid-scale adoption of solar energy and reverse osmosis for desalination. Liquefied natural gas is not expected to remain the most economical export, instead being replaced by hydrogen obtained from the steam reforming of natural gas. We have modeled a long-term domestic divestment from hydrocarbon exports and have shown that the country can still retain significant economic wealth in a post-carbon world, thus maintaining existing political, economic, and social structures.

全球脱碳努力以及国内经济多元化的压力，为卡塔尔能源系统带来了挑战和机遇。政府致力于实现国民经济多元化，远离碳氢化合物，鼓励资源的可持续利用，并确保粮食、能源和水系统的安全。我们的优化框架使政策制定者能够将系统方法应用于卡塔尔的整体能源基础设施，涵盖工业、住宅基础设施、交通和农业等一系列部门。我们的目标有两个：第一，开发可用于国家级规划和政策制定的开源工具；第二，利用该工具生成关键技术和政策见解，帮助卡塔尔能源基础设施转型在长期。我们的研究结果为跨部门能源转型提供了蓝图：从更多地使用电动汽车和公共交通等低碳交通，到电网规模采用太阳能和反渗透海水淡化。预计液化天然气不会仍然是最经济的出口产品，而是被天然气蒸汽重整获得的氢气所取代。我们对国内碳氢化合物出口的长期撤资进行了建模，并表明该国仍然可以在后碳世界中保留大量经济财富，从而维持现有的政治、经济和社会结构。