Purpose

To develop efficient strategies and methods to remediate soils contaminated by metal(loid)s, it is vital to monitor the metal(loid)s in the soil by conducting field surveys and properly understanding their transport and spatial distribution characteristics. The present study aimed to elucidate the distinctive spatial distribution of anthropogenic arsenic (As) and metals from abandoned metal mine sites (AMMSs) to the surrounding agricultural soils.

Materials and methods

In order to investigate transport and spatial distribution of the metal(loid)s from mine tailing dumps to the surrounding agricultural soils, extensive field surveys were conducted across agricultural fields located in the vicinity of five AMMSs, i.e., Gubong, Nakdong, Daema, Angang, and Sunyang mines. A total of 2371 soil samples were collected from the study sites during 2010–2014. The total concentration of metal(loid)s, i.e., As, lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in the soil samples was measured. Horizontal dispersion characteristics of As and metals transported from the AMMSs to the surrounding agricultural soils were analyzed using the spatial data and geoaccumulation index. Furthermore, the distribution of anthropogenic metal(loid)s was also mapped to analyze their distinct spatial distribution using a GIS tool.

Results and discussion

Hot spots were formed within a 1-km radius of tailing dumps where anthropogenic As, Pb, and Zn in agricultural soils were highly concentrated. Among the anthropogenic metal(loid)s, As could be dispersed and distributed in a much wider region from the tailing dumps due to the high mobility of As through reductive processes in flooded paddy soils compared with other metals (Pb and Zn) whose transport and distribution are controlled primarily by the erosion process of mine tailing dumps (wind and water driven).

Conclusions

The dispersion behavior of As has a relatively farther-reaching effect on agricultural soils due to its geochemical behavior in flooded paddy fields, which differs in magnitude from metals such as Pb and Zn. Therefore, the dispersion behavior of As should be focused on during the investigation, remediation, and management activities for agricultural soils contaminated by anthropogenic As and metals due to AMMSs.

中文翻译：

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韩国废弃金属矿场周围的农业土壤中金属（金属）的空间分布及其迁移

目的

为了开发出有效的策略和方法来修复被金属（金属）污染的土壤，对土壤中的金属（金属）进行现场调查并正确理解其运输和空间分布特征至关重要。本研究旨在阐明人为产生的砷（As）和金属从废弃金属矿场（AMMS）到周围农业土壤的独特空间分布。

材料和方法

为了研究从尾矿堆到周围农业土壤中的金属（胶体）的运输和空间分布，对古丰，那空，大马，鞍钢等五个AMMS附近的农田进行了广泛的实地调查。和太阳阳矿山。在2010-2014年期间，总共从研究地点收集了2371个土壤样品。测量土壤样品中金属（即砷，铅（Pb）和锌（Zn））的总浓度。利用空间数据和地质累积指数分析了从AMMS运到周围农业土壤的As和金属的水平弥散特征。此外，还使用GIS工具绘制了人为金属（类）的分布图，以分析其独特的空间分布。

结果和讨论

尾矿场半径1公里内形成热点，农业土壤中人为的砷，铅和锌高度集中。在人为的金属（金属）中，由于砷通过还原过程在淹没的稻田土壤中具有较高的迁移率，因此与其他金属（铅和锌）相比，砷可以从尾矿堆中分散和分布在尾矿堆中。分布主要受矿山尾矿堆（风和水驱动）的侵蚀过程控制。

结论

由于砷在水淹稻田中的地球化学行为，其弥散行为对农业土壤具有相对更深远的影响，其幅度与金属（如铅和锌）不同。因此，在由AMMS引起的人为砷和金属污染的农业土壤的调查，修复和管理活动中，应重点关注砷的扩散行为。