They not only directly impact aquatic organisms, but also indirectly impact these organisms by interacting with background toxins in the environment. Moreover, under realistic environmental conditions, algae, a natural food for aquatic organisms, may alter the toxicity pattern related to MPs. In this research, we first examined the toxicity of MPs alone, and their effect on the toxicity of lead (Pb) on Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia), a model aquatic organism for toxicity survey. Then, we investigated the effect of algae on the combined toxicity of MPs and Pb. We observed that, MPs significantly increased Pb toxicity, which was related to the increase in soluble Pb concentration and the intake of Pb-loaded MPs, both of which increased the accumulation of Pb in C. dubia. The presence of algae mitigated the combined toxicity of MPs and Pb, although algae alone increased Pb accumulation. Therefore, the toxicity mitigation through algae uptake came from mechanisms other than Pb accumulation, which will need further investigation.

它们不仅直接影响水生生物，而且还通过与环境中的背景毒素相互作用而间接影响这些生物。此外，在现实的环境条件下，藻类（一种水生生物的天然食品）可能会改变与MPs有关的毒性模式。在这项研究中，我们首先研究了MP的单独毒性及其对铅（Pb）对Ceriodaphnia dubia（C. dubia）（一种用于毒性调查的模型水生生物）的毒性的影响。然后，我们研究了藻类对MPs和Pb联合毒性的影响。我们观察到，MP显着增加了Pb的毒性，这与可溶性Pb浓度的增加和负载Pb的MP的摄入有关，这两者都增加了C. dubia中的Pb积累。。藻类的存在减轻了MP和Pb的综合毒性，尽管仅藻类会增加Pb的积累。因此，通过藻类吸收来减轻毒性来自于除铅积累以外的其他机制，这需要进一步研究。