This paper addresses the joint time difference of arrival (TDOA), frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) and differential Doppler rate estimation problem for high-speed maneuvering targets in passive location systems, involving linear range migration (LRM), quadratic range migration (QRM) and linear Doppler frequency migration (LDFM) within observation time. A noise-resistant estimation algorithm based on second-order keystone transform (SKT) and non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) is proposed. After QRM correction via SKT, a phase compensation function is constructed to eliminate LRM and estimate the FDOA. Then, NUFFT is used to remove LDFM and realize the joint estimation of TDOA and differential Doppler rate. Comparisons with several relatively new algorithms indicate that the proposed algorithm can obtain a good trade-off between computational cost and estimation performance. Extensive numerical examples, analysis of computational complexity and estimation performance can validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

中文翻译：

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无源传感中TDOA、FDOA和差分多普勒率的抗噪估计算法

本文解决了无源定位系统中高速机动目标的联合到达时间差 (TDOA)、到达频率差 (FDOA) 和差分多普勒率估计问题，涉及线性距离偏移 (LRM)、二次距离偏移 (QRM) ) 和观察时间内的线性多普勒频率偏移 (LDFM)。提出了一种基于二阶梯形变换(SKT)和非均匀快速傅里叶变换(NUFFT)的抗噪声估计算法。在通过 SKT 进行 QRM 校正后，构建相位补偿函数以消除 LRM 并估计 FDOA。然后利用NUFFT去除LDFM，实现TDOA和差分多普勒率的联合估计。与几种相对较新的算法的比较表明，所提出的算法可以在计算成本和估计性能之间取得良好的折衷。大量的数值例子，计算复杂度和估计性能的分析可以验证所提出方法的有效性。