Continuously increasing global population and, therefore, energy consumption as well as diminishing resources combined with environmental aspects such as global warming ask for more efficient, sustainable and reliable processes/applications of mechanically moving parts. Especially under harsh conditions, such as high temperatures, vacuum or dry contacts, 2D layered nano-materials used as solid lubricants have demonstrated to be promising candidates to ensure low friction and wear over the entire component’s lifetime. Therefore, this review article aims at summarizing the existing state-of-art regarding solid lubricants with a special emphasis on 2D layered nano-material beyond graphene including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, MoS₂, WS₂ as well as Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets. Initially, experimental approaches allowing for a large-scale and layer-dependent synthesis are reviewed for each nano-material. Subsequently, their friction and wear mechanisms at the nano-scale are discussed. Afterwards, the ability to improve friction and wear are reviewed when using the aforementioned 2D nano-materials either as a solid lubricant, lubricant additive under lubricated conditions or reinforcement phase in composite materials. Finally, the existing challenges and shortcomings of each 2D nano-material are discussed before deriving the general conclusions and giving some future research directions.

不断增加的全球人口，因此，能源消耗以及资源的减少，再加上环境因素（例如全球变暖），要求对机械运动部件进行更有效，可持续和可靠的处理/应用。尤其是在苛刻的条件下，例如高温，真空或干式接触，用作固体润滑剂的2D层状纳米材料已被证明是有希望的候选材料，可确保在整个组件的整个生命周期内实现低摩擦和低磨损。因此，这篇综述文章旨在总结有关固态润滑剂的现有技术，特别着重于石墨烯以外的二维层状纳米材料，包括石墨烯氧化物，还原石墨烯氧化物，MoS ₂，WS ₂和Ti ₃C ₂ T _x MXene纳米片。最初，针对每种纳米材料，对允许大规模且依赖于层的合成的实验方法进行了综述。随后，讨论了它们在纳米级的摩擦和磨损机理。之后，当使用前述的二维纳米材料作为固体润滑剂，在润滑条件下的润滑剂添加剂或复合材料中的增强相时，回顾了改善摩擦和磨损的能力。最后，在得出一般结论并给出一些未来的研究方向之前，讨论了每种2D纳米材料的现有挑战和不足。