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Relationship between selected percentiles and return periods of extreme events
Acta Geophysica ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s11600-020-00452-x
Dario Camuffo , Francesca Becherini , Antonio della Valle

This paper investigates the relationship between selected percentiles, return periods and the concepts of rare and extreme events in climate and hydrological series, considering both regular and irregular datasets, and discusses the IPCC and WMO indications. IPCC (Annex II: Glossary. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, 2014) establishes that an extreme event should be rare and exceed selected upper and lower thresholds (10th and 90th percentiles); WMO (Guidelines on the definition and monitoring of extreme weather and climate events—TT-DEWCE WMO 4/14/2016. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 2016) suggests thresholds near the ends of the range, but leaves them undetermined. The concept of “rare” relates the extreme events to the time domain and is typically expressed in terms of return period (RP). The key is to find the combination between “rare”, percentile and return period. In particular, two crucial items are analysed: (1) how the return period may vary in response to the choice of the threshold, in particular when it is expressed in terms of percentiles; (2) how the choice of producing a regular or irregular dataset may affect the yearly frequency and the related return periods. Some weather variables (e.g. temperature) are regular and recorded at fixed time intervals, while other phenomena (e.g. tornadoes) occur at times. Precipitation may be considered either regular, all-days being characterized by a precipitation amount from 0 (no precipitation) to the top of the range, or irregular (rainy-days only) considering a precipitation day over a selected instrumental or percentile threshold. These two modes of interpreting precipitation include a different number of events per year (365 or less) and generate different return periods. Every climatic information may be affected by this definition. The 90th percentile applied to observations with daily frequency produces 10-day return period and the percentiles necessary to get 1 year, 10 years or other return periods are calculated. The general case of events with selected or variable frequencies, and selected percentiles, is also considered with an example of a precipitation series, two-century long.

中文翻译:

选定百分位数与极端事件返回周期之间的关系

本文考虑了常规和非常规数据集,研究了选定百分位,回归期与气候和水文序列中罕见事件和极端事件之间的关系,并讨论了IPCC和WMO指示。IPCC(附件二:词汇表。第一,第二和第三工作组对政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告的贡献。IPCC,日内瓦,2014年)确定极端事件应很少发生,并超过选定的上限和下限(第10和第90个百分位);WMO(关于极端天气和气候事件的定义和监控指南-TT-DEWCE WMO 4/14/2016。世界气象组织,日内瓦,2016年)提出了接近范围终点的阈值,但尚未确定。“稀有”的概念将极端事件与时域相关联,并且通常以回报期(RP)表示。关键是要找到“稀有”,百分位数和返还期限之间的组合。特别是,分析了两个关键项目:(1)返回期如何根据阈值的选择而变化,特别是当以百分位数表示时;(2)产生规则或不规则数据集的选择如何影响年频率和相关的回报期。一些天气变量(例如温度)是固定的,并以固定的时间间隔记录,而其他现象(例如龙卷风)有时会发生。降水可能被认为是有规律的,全天的特征是降水量从0(无降水)到范围的顶部,或不规则(仅限雨天),且考虑超过所选仪器或百分位数阈值的降水日。这两种解释降水的模式包括每年不同数量的事件(365次或更短),并产生不同的回报期。此定义可能会影响每种气候信息。应用于每日频率的观测值的第90个百分位数会产生10天的返回期,并计算获得1年,10年或其他返回期所需的百分位数。还以一个具有两个世纪长的降水序列为例来考虑具有选定或可变频率的事件以及选定百分位的事件的一般情况。这两种解释降水的模式包括每年不同数量的事件(365次或更短),并产生不同的回报期。此定义可能会影响每种气候信息。应用于每日频率的观测值的第90个百分位数会产生10天的返回期,并计算获得1年,10年或其他返回期所需的百分位数。还以一个具有两个世纪长的降水序列为例来考虑具有选定或可变频率的事件以及选定百分位的事件的一般情况。这两种解释降水的模式包括每年不同数量的事件(365次或更短),并产生不同的回报期。此定义可能会影响每种气候信息。应用于每日频率的观测值的第90个百分位数会产生10天的返回期,并计算获得1年,10年或其他返回期所需的百分位数。还以一个具有两个世纪长的降水序列为例来考虑具有选定或可变频率的事件以及选定百分位的事件的一般情况。计算10年或其他回报期。还以一个具有两个世纪长的降水序列为例来考虑具有选定或可变频率的事件以及选定百分位的事件的一般情况。计算10年或其他回报期。还以一个具有两个世纪长的降水序列为例来考虑具有选定或可变频率的事件以及选定百分位的事件的一般情况。
更新日期:2020-06-10
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